Skip to main content
Log in

An adaptive direct slicing method based on tilted voxel of two-photon polymerization

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures are fabricated with accumulated voxels layer-by-layer in two-photon polymerization (TPP). The overlap ratio and layer spacing between two neighboring layers both affects the surface accuracy and the processing efficiency. Presented in this paper is an adaptive direct slicing method that applies tilted voxels of TPP to satisfy contour change of 3D microstructure model with given overlap ratio. It extracted the contour line from a projected image of the original 3D microstructure model. The relative position of every two adjacent points on the contour line was used to reflect the interlayer spacing and calculate the tilted angle and overlap ratio of two neighboring voxels. The optimal interlayer spacing could be determined when the overlap ratio of tilted voxels of two neighboring layers exceeded a specified overlap ratio. Both axis-symmetry revolve and complex non-symmetrical microstructures were successfully sliced with higher efficiency and accuracy. The layer number reduces more than 30% compared with the adaptive direct slicing method based on vertical voxels by appropriate selection of overlap ratio and size of voxel. Quantitative analysis shows that the staircase errors decreased significantly with this adaptive direct slicing method. Unlike traditional slicing method, smaller overlap ratio and larger voxel benefits reducing layer number but has little effect on precision.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fischer J, Wegener M (2013) Three-dimensional optical laser lithography beyond the diffraction limit. Laser Photonics Rev 7(1):22–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201100046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Malinauskas M, Gilbergs H, Zukauskas A, Purlys V, Paipulas D, Gadonas R (2010) A femtosecond laser-induced two-photon photopolymerization technique for structuring microlenses. J Opt 12(3):035204. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/12/3/035204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu Y, Nolte DD, Pyrak-Nolte LJ (2010) Large-format fabrication by two-photon polymerization in SU-8. Appl Phys A-Mater 100(1):181–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5735-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Obata K, El-Tamer A, Koch L, Hinze U, Chichkov BN (2013) High-aspect 3D two-photon polymerization structuring with widened objective working range (WOW-2PP). Light-Sci Appl 2(12):e116. https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2013.72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rybin MV, Shishkin II, Samusev KB, Belov PA, Kivshar YS, Kiyan RV, Chichkov BN, Limonov MF (2015) Band structure of photonic crystals fabricated by two-photon polymerization. Rapid Prototyping J 5(6):61–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-09-2013-0090

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lee K-S, Yang D-Y, Park SH, Kim RH (2006) Recent developments in the use of two-photon polymerization in precise 2D and 3D microfabrications. Polym Advan Technol 17(2):72–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferreras Paz V, Emons M, Obata K, Ovsianikov A, Peterhansel S, Frenner K, Reinhardt C, Chichkov B, Morgner U, Osten W (2012) Development of functional sub-100 nm structures with 3D two-photon polymerization technique and optical methods for characterization. J Laser Appl 24(4):042004. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4712151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Vizsnyiczai G, Kelemen L, Ormos P (2014) Holographic multi-focus 3D two-photon polymerization with real-time calculated holograms. Opt Express 22(20):24217–24223. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.024217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Park SH, Lee SH, Yang D-Y, Kong HJ, Lee K-S (2005) Subregional slicing method to increase three-dimensional nanofabrication efficiency in two-photon polymerization. Appl Phys Lett 87(15):154108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2103393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liao YS, Chiu YY (2001) A new slicing procedure for rapid prototyping systems. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 18(8):579–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001700170034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhu S, Jian L, Liang YF (2011) A novel slicing method for rapid forming based on welding arc deposition. Adv Manuf Technol 156–157:350–354. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.156-157.350

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cao W, Miyamoto Y (2003) Direct slicing from AutoCAD solid models for rapid prototyping. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 21(10–11):739–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-002-1316-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xu G, Zhang J, Luo S (2010) Direct slicing CAD models with solidworks for integral stereolithography. Manufacturing Processes and Systems 148–149:818–821. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.148-149.818

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vosniakos G-C, Maroulis T, Pantelis D (2007) A method for optimizing process parameters in layer-based rapid prototyping. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B J Eng Manuf 221(8):1329–1340. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544054JEM815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Liao C-Y, Bouriauand M, Baldeck PL, Léon J-C, Masclet C, Chung T-T (2007) Two-dimensional slicing method to speed up the fabrication of micro-objects based on two-photon polymerization. Appl Phys Lett 91(3):033108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2759269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhao Z, Luc Z (2000) Adaptive direct slicing of the solid model for rapid prototyping. Int J Prod Res 38(1):69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/002075400189581

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhou MY, Xi JT, Yan JQ (2004) Adaptive direct slicing with non-uniform cusp heights for rapid prototyping. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 23(1–2):20–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-002-1523-8

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rianmora S, Koomsap P (2010) Recommended slicing positions for adaptive direct slicing by image processing technique. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 46(9–12):1021–1033. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2162-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sikder S, Barari A, Kishawy HA (2015) Global adaptive slicing of NURBS based sculptured surface for minimum texture error in rapid prototyping. Rapid Prototyping J 21(6):649–661. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-09-2013-0090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Abdul-Azeez RA-R, Saleh BEA (1995) Decentered Gaussian beams. Appl Opt 34(30):6819–6825. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.006819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Alda J, Alonso J, Bernabeu E (1997) Characterization of aberrated laser beams. J Opt Soc Am A 14(30):2737–2747. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.006819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Palma C (1997) Decentered Gaussian beams, ray bundles, and Bessel-Gauss beams. Appl Opt 36(6):1116–1120. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.36.001116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wujun L, Zhu Q, Guo Z, Defang C, Wang S, Jianguo W (2005) The intensity distribution of decentered Gaussian beam. Journal of Xi’an Institute of Technology 25:76–79 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cheng K, Zhou X, Zheng X, Lin J (2016) Study on the consistency of the voxel of two photon polymerization with inclined beam. Opt Commun 381:444–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.03.085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sun SH, Chiang HW, Lee MI (2007) Adaptive direct slicing of a commercial CAD model for use in rapid prototyping. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 34(7–8):689–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0651-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51375060) and Micro-Nano and Ultra-Precision Key Laboratory of Jilin Province (20140622008JC).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoqin Zhou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zheng, X., Cheng, K., Zhou, X. et al. An adaptive direct slicing method based on tilted voxel of two-photon polymerization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96, 521–530 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1507-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1507-3

Keywords

Navigation