Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Laser additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy: tribology and corrosion studies

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of heat treatments (HT) on wear and corrosion of direct metal laser-sintered Ti–6Al–4V specimens have been studied. Rectangular parts were built in vertical (VB) and horizontal (HB) directions and heat treated above β transus and below β transus with different cooling rate. Rotary wear tests have been carried out under varying loads of 5 N, 15 N and 25 N at 25 m/s. Corrosion behaviour were analysed in 1 M H2SO4,1 M HCl and 3.5% NaCl solutions. Wear volume loss of both HB and VB are less in specimens subjected to HT 2 than in HT1 which is attributed to more grain refinement. Presence of compact oxide debris on the surface of HT 2-VB specimen could have contributed to the low wear volume. A sharp positive difference could be observed in OCP immersed in 1 M H2SO4solution from −0.6 V (as-sintered) to 0.069 V (HT 1-HB) and 0.089 V (HT 2-HB). Icorr value in 1 M H2SO4 improved after both the heat treatments from 17.450 μA/cm2 to 1.470 and 0.152 11 μA/cm2, respectively. Generally, heat-treated specimens (both horizontal and vertical) show better corrosion resistance than the as-sintered specimens in all the three media.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
€32.70 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Finland)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sunil Kumar Tiwari Sarang Pande Sanat Agrawal Santosh M. Bobade, (2015), Selection of selective laser sintering materials for different applications, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 6 pp. 630–648

  2. Rao PR (2009) Advances in materials and their applications. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jin Yao, Tao Suo, Shuangyin Zhang, Feng Zhao, Hongtao Wang, Jiabin Liu, Yuzeng Chen, Yulong Li, Influence of heat-treatment on the dynamic behaviour of 3D laser deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy Materials Science & Engineering A 677 (2016) 153–162

  4. Indranil Lahiri, Debrupa Lahiri (Mondal), S. Bhargava, Effect of prior β processing on super plasticity of (α+β) thermo mechanically treated Ti–6Al–4V alloy, Materials and manufacturing processes, Vol. 18, No. 4, (2003) 621–635.

  5. Krol M, Tanski T (2016) Surface quality research for selective laser melting of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Arch Metall Mater 61(3):1291–1296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Alcisto J, Enriquez A, Garcia H, Hinkson S, Steelman T, Silverman E, Valdovino P, Gigerenzer H, Foyos J, Ogren J, Dorey J, Karg K, McDonald T, Es-Said OS (2001) Tensile properties and microstructures of laser-formed Ti-6Al-4V. J Mater Eng Perform 20:203–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Erhard B, Achim S, Christoph L (2015) Morphology, microstructure, and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM). Journal of Mechanical Behaviour of Biomedical Materials 51:61–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dai N, Zhang L-C, Zhanga J, Chena Q, Wua M (2016) Corrosion behaviour of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy in NaCl solution. Corros Sci 102:484–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dai N, Zhang L-C, Zhang J, Zhang X, Ni Q, Yang C, Wu M, Yang C (2016) Distinction in corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4Valloy on different planes. Corros Sci 111:703–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen J-R, Tsai W-T (2011) In situ corrosion monitoring of Ti–6Al–4V alloy inH2SO4/HCl mixed solution using electrochemical AFM. Electro chimica Acta 56:1746–1751

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gurpreet Singh, Hazoor Singh, Buta Singh Sidhu,Characterization and corrosion resistance of plasma sprayed HA and HA–SiO2 coatings on Ti–6Al–4V, Surface & Coatings Technology 228 (2013) 242–247

  12. Cvijovic C-AZ, Mitrovic S, Panic V, M. (2011) Rakin, wear and corrosion behaviour of Ti–13Nb–13Zr and Ti–6Al–4V alloys in simulated physiological solution. Corros Sci 53:796–808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pohrelyuk IM, Fedirko VM, Tkachuk OV, Proskrnyak RV (2013) Corrosionresistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with nitride coatings in Ringer’s solution. Corros Sci 66:392–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. B. Sivakumar, Satendra Kumar, T.S.N. Sankara Narayanan, Fretting corrosion behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in artificial saliva containing varying concentrations of fluoride ions, Wear 270 (2011) 317–324

  15. Y. Zhu, X. Chen, J. Zou, H. Yang, Sliding wear of selective laser melting processed Ti6Al4V under boundary lubrication conditions, Wear, Accepted for publication on.2016.09.20

  16. Cui XH, Mao YS, Wei MX, Wang SQ (2012) Wear characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 20–400°C. Tribol Trans 55(2):185–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cvijovic-Alagic Z, Cvijovic S, Mitrovic M, Rakin D, Veljovic M (2010) Babic, Tribological behaviour of orthopaedic Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Tribol Lett 40:59–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ganesh BKC, Ramanaih N, Chandrasekhar Rao PV (October 2012) Dry sliding wear behavior of Ti–6Al–4V implant alloy subjected to various surface treatments. Trans Indian Inst Metals 65(5):425–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vamsi Krishna Balla, Julie Soderlind, Susmita Bose, Amit Bandyopadhyay, Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of laser surface melted Ti6Al4V alloy, Journal of the mechanical behaviour of bio medical materials 32 (2014) 335–344.

  20. Qiulin NiuXiaohu Zheng Ming Chen Weiwei Ming, (2014),Study on the tribological properties of titanium alloys sliding against WC-Co during the dry friction, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 66 Iss 2 pp. 202–208

  21. Mukund Dutt Sharma Rakesh Sehgal, (2014),Experimental study of friction and wear characteristics of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) under lubricated sliding condition, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 66 Iss 2 pp. 174–183

  22. A.B. Hazar Yoruc¸ O. Elkoca, Wear behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy blasted with zirconia/hydroxyapatite powders, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 66/1 (2014) 106–110

  23. Sahoo R, Mantry S, Sahoo TK, Mishra S, Jha BB (2013) Effect ofMicrostructural variation on erosion wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Tribol Trans 56(4):555–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sampaio M, Buciumeanu M, Henriques B, Silva FS, Souza JCM, Gomes JR (2016) Comparison between PEEK and Ti6Al4V concerning micro-scale abrasion wear on dental applications. Journal of the mechanical behaviour of bio medical materials 60:212–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Vladimir Totolin, Vladimir Pejakovic, Thomas Csanyi, Oliver Hekele, Martin Huber, Manel Rodríguez Ripoll, Surface engineering of Ti6Al4V surfaces for enhanced tribo corrosionperformance in artificial seawater, Materials and Design 104 (2016) 10–18

  26. Miguel Sampaio, Mihaela Buciumeanu, Bruno Henriques, Filipe S. Silva, Julio C.M. Souza, Jose R. Gomes, Tribocorrosion behaviour ofveneeringbiomedical PEEK toTi6Al4Vstructures, Journal of the mechanical behaviour of bio medical materials, 54 (2016) 123–130

  27. Billi F, Onofre E, Ebramzadeh E, Palacios T, Escudero ML, Garcia-Alonso MC (2012) Characterization of modified Ti6Al4V alloy after fretting–corrosion tests using near-field microscopy. Surface & Coatings Technology 212:134–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Salehikahrizsangi, F. Karimzadeh, M.H. Enayati, M.H. Abbasi, Investigation of the effects of grain size and nano-sized reinforcements on Tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy, Wear 305 (2013)51–57

  29. Juan J. de Damborenea, Maria Aparecida Larosa, Maria Angeles Arenas, Juan Manuel Hernández-Lopez, André Luiz Jardini, Maria Clara F. Ierardi, Cecília A.C. Zavaglia, Rubens Maciel Filho, Ana Conde, Functionalization of Ti6Al4V scaffolds produced by direct metal laser for biomedical applications, Materials & Design 83 (2015) 6–13

  30. Klenam DEP, Chown LH, Papo MJ, Cornish LA Characterization of railway stock axle produced from medium-carbon steel, advanced metals initiative nuclear materials development network conference 2015. The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

  31. Babatunde Abiodun Obadele, Anthony Andrews, Peter Apata Olubambi, Mathew T Mathew, Sisa Pityana, Effect of ZrO 2 addition on the dry sliding wear behavior of laser clad Ti6Al4V alloy 2015, Wear, 328, 295–300.

  32. Mountford, J.A., 2002. Titanium-properties, advantages and applications solving the corrosion problems in marine service. NACE International.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa

    P. Chandramohan & Shepherd Bhero

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa

    Babatunde Abiodun Obadele & Peter Apata Olubambi

Authors
  1. P. Chandramohan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shepherd Bhero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Babatunde Abiodun Obadele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peter Apata Olubambi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Chandramohan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandramohan, P., Bhero, S., Obadele, B.A. et al. Laser additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy: tribology and corrosion studies. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 92, 3051–3061 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0410-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0410-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation