Abstract
Tailored welded blanks (TWBs) technology can give an important possibility to obtain components in automobile industry satisfying lightweight strategies as well as satisfying increased crashworthiness, corrosion resistance, and accuracy. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a joining process, which can be well fitted to obtaining aluminum tailored blanks when compared to other conventional joining processes. This paper presents an experimental study on TWBs produced by FSW with dissimilar aluminum alloy thin sheets. The formability performance is investigated by obtaining forming limit curves with Nakajima test using different blank widths. The properties of welded AA5182/AA6061 alloy pair, 1 mm thick, are studied and the corresponding formability is compared to base materials. Different weld line orientations are defined related to sheet rolling direction and corresponding forming limit curves are obtained in addition to load–displacement behavior. Results show a dependency of TWB formability on weld line orientation, as well as a decrease of welded pair alloy formability when compared to base materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sheng ZQ (2008) Formability of tailor-welded strips and progressive forming test. J Mater Process Technol 205(1–3):81–88
Miller WS, Zhuang L, Bottema J, Wittebrood AJ, De Smet P, Haszler A, Vieregge A (2000) Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry. Mater Sci Eng A 280(1):37–49
Daeyong K, Wonoh L, Junehyung K, Kyung-Hwan C, Chongmin K, Kazutaka O, Wagoner RH, Kwansoo C (2010) Macro-performance evaluation of friction stir welded automotive tailor-welded blank sheets: part II—formability. Int J Solids Struct 47(7–8):1063–1081, ISSN 0020–7683, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.12.021
Hong-Seok Choi, Dae-Cheol Ko, and Byung-Min Kim. Effect of weld line orientation on formability of tailor welded blank of 22MnB5 at elevated temperature. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 2014, 16, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/698910
Pastor M, Zhao H, Martukanitz RP, Deb Roy T (1999) Porosity, underfill and magnesium loss during continuous wave Nd:YAG laser welding of thin plates of aluminum alloys 5182 and 5754. Weld J Volume 78:207s–216s
Leitão C, Emílio B, Chaparro BM, Rodrigues DM (2009) Formability of similar and dissimilar friction stir welded AA 5182-H111 and AA 6016-T4 tailored blanks. Mater Des 30(8):3235–3242
Sato YS, Yusuke S, Yohei S, Park SHC, Hiroyuki K, Keisuke I (2004) Post-weld formability of friction stir welded Al alloy 5052. Mater Sci Eng A 369(1–2):138–143
Leitao C, Zhang BK, Padmanabhan R, Rodrigues DM (2011) Influence of weld geometry and mismatch on formability of aluminium tailor welded blanks: numerical and experimental analysis. Sci Technol Weld Join 16(8):662–668
Panda SK, Baltazar Hernandez VH, Kuntz ML, Zhou Y (2009) Formability analysis of diode-laser-welded tailored blanks of advanced high-strength steel sheets. Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci 40(8):1955–1967
Kim D, Lee W, Kim J, Kim C, Chung K (2010) Formability evaluation of friction stir welded 6111-T4 sheet with respect to joining material direction. Int J Mech Sci 52(4):612–625
Song Y, Lin H (2012) Influence of inhomogeneous constitutive properties of weld materials on formability of tailor welded blanks. Mater Sci Eng A Volume 552(30):222–229
Ahmetoglu MA, Brouwers D, Shulkin L, Taupin L, Kinzel GL, Altan T (1995) Deep drawing of round cups from tailor-welded blanks. J Mater Process Technol 53(3–4):684–694
Chien WY, Pan J, Tang SC (2004) A combined necking and shear localization analysis for aluminum sheets under biaxial stretching conditions. Int J Plast 20(11):1953–1981
Safdarian Korouyeh R, Moslemi Naeini H, Liaghat G (2012) Forming limit diagram prediction of tailor-welded blank using experimental and numerical methods. J Mater Eng Perform 21(10):2053–2061
Safdarian Korouyeh R, Moslemi Naeini H, Torkamany MJ, Liaghat G (2013) Experimental and theoretical investigation of thickness ratio effect on the formability of tailor welded blank. Opt Laser Technol 51:24–31
Akhtar Khan S, Muneer B, Shi-Hoon C, Hoe-Seok Y, Xin S (2012) Quasi-static and dynamic responses of advanced high strength steels: experiments and modeling. Int J Plast 30–31:1–17
Lee J, Asim K, Pan J (2011) Modeling of failure mode of laser welds in lap-shear specimens of HSLA steel sheets. Eng Fract Mech 78(2):374–396
Venkatesh TA, Van Vliet KJ, Giannakopoulos AE, Suresh S (2000) Determination of elasto-plastic properties by instrumented sharp indentation: guidelines for property extraction. Scr Mater 42(9):833–839
Rebecca B, Wei T, Reynolds AP (2009) Multi-pass friction stir welding in alloy 7050-T7451: effects on weld response variables and on weld properties. Mater Sci Eng A 513–514:115–121
Rodrigues DM, Loureiro A, Leitao C, Leal RM, Chaparro BM, Vilaça P (2009) Influence of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016-T4 thin welds. Mater Des 30(6):1913–1921
Wonoh L, Kyung-Hwan C, Daeyong K, Junehyung K, Chongmin K, Kazutaka O, Wagoner RH, Kwansoo C (2009) Experimental and numerical study on formability of friction stir welded TWB sheets based on hemispherical dome stretch tests. Int J Plast 25(9):1626–1654, Ver figuras de FLCs
Kim D, Lee W, Kim J, Kim C, Chung K (2010) Formability evaluation of friction stir welded 6111-T4 sheet with respect to joining material direction. Int J Mech Sci 52(4):612–625
ASTM Standards, 1999, “Metals Test Methods and Analytical Procedures,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards 03.01, pp. 78–98, 501–508.
Hasek V (1978) Untersuchung und theoretische beschribung wichtiger einflussgroessen auf das grenzformaenderungsschaubild [Research and theoretical description concerning the influences on the FLDs (in German)]. Blech Rohre Profile 25:213–220
ISO12004 standard. “Metallic materials—guidelines for the determination of forming limit diagrams”, 2008.
Hecker SS (1974) Cup test for assessing stretchability. Metals Eng Q 14:30–36
Lee W, Chung K-H, Kim D, Kim J, Kim C, Okamoto K, Wagoner RH, Chung K (2009) Experimental and numerical study on formability of friction stir welded TWB sheets based on hemispherical dome stretch tests. Int J Plast 25(9):1626–1654
Leal RM, Leitão C, Loureiro A, Rodrigues DM, Vilaça P (2008) Material flow in heterogeneous friction stir welding of thin aluminium sheets: effect of shoulder geometry. Mater Sci Eng A 498:384–391
Leal RM, Loureiro A (2008) Effect of overlapping friction stir welding passes in the quality of welds of aluminium alloys. Mater Des 29:982–991
Murayama M, Hono K, Miao WF, Laughlin DE (2001) The effect of Cu additions on the precipitation kinetics in an Al-Mg-Si alloy with excess Si. Metall Mater Trans A 32A:239–246
Gallais C, Denquina A, Bréchet Y, Lapasset G (2008) Precipitation microstructures in an AA6056 aluminum alloy after friction stir welding: characterisation and modelling. Mater Sci Eng A 496:77–89
Miles MP, Nelson TW, Melton DW (2005) Formability of friction-stir-welded dissimilar-aluminum-alloy sheets. Metall Mater Trans A 36(12):3335–3342
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parente, M., Safdarian, R., Santos, A.D. et al. A study on the formability of aluminum tailor welded blanks produced by friction stir welding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83, 2129–2141 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7950-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7950-0