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Three-dimensional laser drilling of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) scaffold used for bone regeneration

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Abstract

Development of new methods of scaffold fabrication that closely mimic the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the main issues in tissue engineering. This study aims to present a newly developed pre-defined three-dimensional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) scaffold fabricated via CO2 laser drilling technique. To achieve this goal, using a computer-controlled laser drilling machine, arrays of interconnected holes with a predefined pattern and geometry were drilled on bulk PMMA samples. Three groups of scaffolds with increasing levels of porosity, and pore sizes of 490 ± 10 μm, were fabricated and evaluated for compressive properties. In order to promote their bioactivity, a thin layer of chitosan/β-TCP composite was coated on the surface of the fabricated samples. Morphology of bulk PMMA scaffolds and PMMA scaffolds with chitosan/β-TCP composite coating were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, cell viability was assessed by SaOS-2 cells. Results indicate that this technique allows the fabrication of scaffolds with high amount of interconnectivity and controllability of porosity, pore size, and mechanical properties, the advantage that other methods lack. Furthermore, chitosan/β-TCP composite coating improves the interaction between osteoblast-like cells and the polymeric scaffolds and accelerates the rate of cell proliferation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, P. O. Box 484, Iran

    Keyvan Rahmani-Monfard, Alireza Fathi & Sayed Mahmood Rabiee

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  1. Keyvan Rahmani-Monfard
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  2. Alireza Fathi
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  3. Sayed Mahmood Rabiee
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Correspondence to Alireza Fathi.

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Rahmani-Monfard, K., Fathi, A. & Rabiee, S.M. Three-dimensional laser drilling of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) scaffold used for bone regeneration. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84, 2649–2657 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7917-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7917-1

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