Abstract
This paper reports on an experiment on the effects of four levels of linear magnification (no scaling, 1.3 times scaling, 1.69 times scaling and 2.2 times scaling) on the detection of peripheral visual targets on four axes (eight meridians). Performance was measured by the linear dimensions of the sensitivity limit on a meridian (in deg) and by the number of locations at which targets were correctly detected within the two sensitivity limits on each axis. The sensitivity limit was defined as the farthest eccentricity at which 50% correct target detection was achieved. Detection performance with scaled stimuli was better than performance with non-scaled stimuli as shown by the increase in sensitivity limits with the increase in scaling. However, the number of targets correctly detected within the sensitivity limits was statistically equal for all the scaling levels. Enlarging object size at central locations to the same degree as those in the periphery yielded little benefit under the conditions of this experiment. For the conditions used here, this result indicated the ineffectiveness of scaling stimulus in the vicinity of fixation under linear magnification. The result emphasises the importance of selecting appropriate inter-object spacing as well as object size for displays designed to facilitate performance on visual search tasks. From an economic point of view, it seems to be wasteful to enlarge targets at the vicinity of fixation to the same degree as those at more eccentric locations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Drury CG (1992) Inspection Performance. In: Salvendy G (ed) Handbook of industrial engineering, vol 88. Wiley, New York, pp 2282–2314
Tsai DM, Lin CP (2002) Fast defect detection in textured surfaces using 1D Gabor filters. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 20:664–675
Chen WF, Chen WY, Tang YY (2002) Evaluation of contour quality in sampling inspection of two drill types. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 19:66–70
Wiltschi K, Pinz A, Tony L (2000) An automatic assessment scheme for steel quality inspection. Machine Vision Appl 12:113–128
Drury CG, Prabhu PV (1994) Human factors in test and inspection. In: Salvendy G, Karwowski W (eds) Design of work and development of personnel in advanced manufacturing, pp 355–401
Radeva P, Bressan M, Tovar A, Vitria J (2002) Bayesian classification for inspection of industrial products. In: Lect Note Artif Int 2504:399–407
Chan AHS, Courtney AJ (1999) Visual search models, industrial & occupational ergonomics: users encyclopedia on CD ROM. Int J Ind Eng, ISBN 0-9654506-0-0
Chyu CC, Wu FC (2002) Bayesian analysis on Deming’s model with consideration of inspection errors. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 20:660–663
Schoonard JW, Gould JD (1973) Field of view and target uncertainty in visual search and inspection. Hum Factors 15:33–42
Schoonard JW, Gould JD, Miller LA (1973) Studies of visual inspection. Ergonomics 16:365–379
Drury CG, Addision JL (1973) An industrial study of the effects of feedback and fault density on inspection performance. Ergonomics 16:159–169
Faulkner TW, Murphy TJ (1975) Lighting for difficult visual tasks. In: Drury CG, Fox JG (eds) Human reliability in quality control. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 133-148
Star Light Optical Inc (1993) Product information, vol 2.11
De La Rue M (1997) Linux access HOWTO. LinuxDocs, vol 2.1
Franzinger K (2001) Flexible vision-inspection system. Mach Des 9
Lyons DJ (1998) Keeping pesticides on target (electron beam analysis of pesticides). Agr Res 46(1)
Design News (2001) Component inspection. Design News, 20 August 2001
Wagner J (1918) Experimentelle Beiträge zur Psychologie des Lesens. Z Psychol 80:1–75
Bouma H (1970) Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature 226:177–178
Loomis JM (1978) Lateral masking in foveal and eccentric vision. Vision Res 18:335–338
Eriksen CW, Rohrbaugh JW (1970) Some factors determining efficiency of selective attention. Am J Psychol 83:330–342
Eriksen BA, Eriksen CW (1974) Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Percep Psychophys 16:143–149
Eriksen CW, Schultz DW (1978) Temporal factors in visual information processing. In: Requin J (ed) Attention and performance VII. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
Bouma H (1973) Visual interference in the parafoveal recognition of initial and final letters of words. Vision Res 13: 767–782
Banks WP, Larson DW, Prinzmetal W (1979) Asymmetry of visual interference. Percep Psychophys 25:447–456
Wolford G, Chambers L (1983) Lateral masking as a function of spacing. Percep Psychophys 33:129–138
Chambers L, Wolford G (1983) Lateral masking vertically and horizontally. B Psychonomic Soc 24:459–461
Butler BE, Currie A (1986) On the nature of perceptual limits in vision: a new look at lateral masking. Special issue: Visual Selective Attention. Psychol Res 48:201–209
Simon JR (1964) Magnification as a variable in sub-miniature work. J App Psychol 48:20–24
Courtney AJ, Chan HS (1986) Visual lobe dimensions and search performance for targets on a competing homogeneous background. Percep Psychophys 40:39–44
Chan AHS, Ma CW, Courtney AJ (2000) Visual search experiment builder (VSEB): A versatile tool for quick solutions. In: Marek T, Karwowski W (eds) Human aspects of advanced manufacturing: agility and hybrid automatic-III, pp 131–134
Chan AHS, Courtney AJ (1993) Effects of cognitive foveal load on a peripheral single-target detection task. Percep Motor Skill 77:515–533
Chan AHS, Courtney AJ (1995) Visual performance on detection tasks with two targets. Int J Hum Fact Manuf 5:417–428
Chan AHS, Courtney AJ (2000) Effects of object size and inter-object spacing on peripheral object detection. Int J Indu Ergonom 25:359–366
Chan AHS, Courtney AJ (1998) Stimulus size scaling and foveal load as determinants of peripheral target detection. Ergonomics 41:1433–1452
Wolford G, Hollingsworth S (1974) Lateral masking in visual information processing. Percep Psychophys 16:315–320
Flom MC, Weymouth FC, Kahneman D (1963) Visual resolution and contour interaction. J Opt Soc Am 53:1026–1032
Chastain G, Lawson L (1979) Identification asymmetry of parafoveal stimulus pairs. Percep Psychophys 26:363–368
Mackworth NG (1965) Visual noise causes tunnel vision. Psychonom Sci 3:67–68
Acknowledgments
This work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. [Ref. No. 9040588]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chan, A.H.S., Ma, R.C.W. Effect of linear magnification on target detection performance in visual inspection. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 23, 375–382 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-1775-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-1775-y