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The effect of lateral extra-articular tenodesis on in vivo cartilage contact in combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

  • KNEE
  • Published:
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) may confer improved rotational stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Little is known about how LET affects in vivo cartilage contact after ACLR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LET in combination with ACLR (ACLR + LET) on in vivo cartilage contact kinematics compared to isolated ACLR (ACLR) during downhill running. It was hypothesised that cartilage contact area in the lateral compartment would be larger in ACLR + LET compared with ACLR, and that the anterior–posterior (A–P) position of the contact center on the lateral tibia would be more anterior after ACLR + LET than after ACLR.

Methods

Twenty patients were randomly assigned into ACLR + LET or ACLR during surgery (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02913404). At 6 months and 12 months after surgery, participants were imaged during downhill running using biplane radiography. Tibiofemoral motion was tracked using a validated registration process. Patient-specific cartilage models, obtained from 3 T MRI, were registered to track bone models and used to calculate the dynamic cartilage contact area and center of cartilage contact in both the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, respectively. The side-to-side differences (SSD) were compared between groups using a Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

At 6 months after surgery, the SSD in A–P cartilage contact center in ACLR + LET (3.9 ± 2.6 mm, 4.4 ± 3.1 mm) was larger than in ACLR (1.2 ± 1.6 mm, 1.5 ± 2.0 mm) at 10% and 20% of the gait cycle, respectively (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). There was no difference in the SSD in cartilage contact center at 12 months after surgery. There was no difference in SSD of cartilage contact area in the medial and lateral compartments at both 6 and 12 months after surgery. There were no adverse events during the trial.

Conclusion

LET in combination with ACLR may affect the cartilage contact center during downhill running in the early post-operation phase, but this effect is lost in the longer term. This suggests that healing and neuromuscular adaptation occur over time and may also indicate a dampening of the effect of LET over time.

(337 /350 words)

Level of evidence

Level II.

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Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

Funding was received from the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Kyohei Nishida, Daisuke Chiba, Bryson Lesniak, Freddie Fu & Volker Musahl

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Kyohei Nishida

  3. Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Rivertech Building Complex, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA

    Kyohei Nishida, Tom Gale, Daisuke Chiba, Felipe Suntaxi & William Anderst

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan

    Daisuke Chiba

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  1. Kyohei Nishida
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Contributions

KN chiefly drafted the manuscript and carried out the acquisition of data and the analysis and interpretation of data. TG, DC, FS, and BL carried out the acquisition of data. WA and VM carried out the design of the study and revised the manuscript. FF conducted final approval of the manuscript to be submitted. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to William Anderst.

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Conflict of interest

FF receives personal fees and non-financial support from Smith & Nephew. VM receives grants and personal fees from Smith & Nephew and grants from Arthrex.

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IRB-approved study (IRB No. 19060375).

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A total of 20 patients provided informed written consent to participate.

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Nishida, K., Gale, T., Chiba, D. et al. The effect of lateral extra-articular tenodesis on in vivo cartilage contact in combined anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 30, 61–70 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06480-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06480-4

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