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Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale

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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Aims and scope

Abstract

Purpose

To translate and culturally adapt the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale into Italian (ACL-RSI(IT)) and examine and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian version in individuals who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

The ACL-RSI was forward and back translated, culturally adapted and validated one hundred and twenty nine Italian individuals who had undergone ACL reconstruction (94 males, 35 females; age 28 ± 9 years). All patients completed the translated ACL-RSI, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form (IKDC), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12). We then analysed the internal consistency, reliability and validity of the newly formed ACLRSI (IT).

Results

The ACL- RSI(IT) showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.94) and was significantly correlated with the KOOS ‘quality of life’ (r = 0.61, p < 0.00001), ‘symptoms’ (r = 0.34, p < 0.00001), ‘pain’ (r = 0.44, p < 0.00001), and ‘sports’ (r = 0.40, p < 0.00001) subscales. The ACL-RSI(IT) also correlated significantly with the IKDC (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), TSK (r = − 0.48, p < 0.00001) and SF-12 (r = − 0.40, p < 0.0001) scores.

Conclusion

The Italian version of the ACL-RSI scale was valid, discriminant, consistent and reliable in patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction. This score could be useful to evaluate the effect of psychological factors on return to sport following ACL surgery.

Level of evidence

II.

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Acknowledgements

Special regard to Clare Ardern, for her collaboration and continue support. The authors would like to thank the Italian Group of Italian Sport Physical Therapists for the fundamental support in the organization and collection of data. They also thank Lisa Cosi, Arianna Fiorillo, Simona Valle for the accurate revision in the Italian translation process of the ACL-RSI scale.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Health Science “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise C/da Tappino C/O Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy

    Emanuele Tortoli & Giuseppe Giovannico

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, Genoa, Italy

    Luca Francini

  3. Kinè Physiotherapic Center, Conegliano, Italy

    Carlo Ramponi

  4. Research committee of Group of Italian Sport Physical Therapists-GISPT, Roma, Italy

    Emanuele Tortoli, Luca Francini & Carlo Ramponi

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  1. Emanuele Tortoli
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  2. Luca Francini
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Correspondence to Emanuele Tortoli.

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Tortoli, E., Francini, L., Giovannico, G. et al. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Italian version of the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 30, 1180–1186 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06169-0

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