Abstract
A method is proposed for the study of the two-dimensional coupled motion of a general sharp-edged solid body and a surrounding inviscid flow. The formation of vorticity at the body’s edges is accounted for by the shedding at each corner of point vortices whose intensity is adjusted at each time step to satisfy the regularity condition on the flow at the generating corner. The irreversible nature of vortex shedding is included in the model by requiring the vortices’ intensity to vary monotonically in time. A conservation of linear momentum argument is provided for the equation of motion of these point vortices (Brown–Michael equation). The forces and torques applied on the solid body are computed as explicit functions of the solid body velocity and the vortices’ position and intensity, thereby providing an explicit formulation of the vortex–solid coupled problem as a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The example of a falling card in a fluid initially at rest is then studied using this method. The stability of broadside-on fall is analysed and the shedding of vorticity from both plate edges is shown to destabilize this position, consistent with experimental studies and numerical simulations of this problem. The reduced-order representation of the fluid motion in terms of point vortices is used to understand the physical origin of this destabilization.
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded by NSF award CTS-0133978. We are grateful to Professor J. B. Keller for introducing us to this problem and to Professors H. K. Cheng and D. I. Pullin for helpful conversations. We are also grateful to the referees for their helpful comments.
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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
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Michelin, S., Llewellyn Smith, S.G. An unsteady point vortex method for coupled fluid–solid problems. Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 23, 127–153 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-009-0096-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-009-0096-7