Abstract
Felt presence, a sensation that “someone is there”, is an integral part of our everyday experience. It can manifest itself in a variety of forms ranging from most subtle fleeting impressions to intense hallucinations of demonic assault or visions of the divine. Felt presence phenomenon outside of the context of neurological disorders is largely neglected and not well understood by contemporary science. This paper focuses on the experiential and expressive qualities of the phenomenon and attempts to bring forth the complexity and the richness of possibilities for inter- and intrasubjective awareness represented by these experiences. Are these simply misperceptions and hallucinations heightened and enforced by the mystical or superstitious mind? Or are these entities projections of our own “selves”, elements of self-estrangement? How are such experiences shaping our understanding of ourselves and of others? And finally, what is the interplay between intersubjective, private experiences and private or public spaces of dwelling?
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Alvaro LC (2005) Hallucinations and pathological visual perceptions in Maupassant’s fantastical short stories—a neurological approach. J Hist Neurosci 14:100–115
Arzy S, Seeck M, Ortique S, Spinelli L, Blanke O (2006) Induction of an illusory shadowy person. Nature 443:287
Bachelard G (1958) The poetics of space. Beacon Press, Boston, (1994)
Blanke O, Landis T (2003) The metaphysical art of Giorgio de Chirico, Migraine or Epilepsy? Eur Neurol 50:191–194
Cheyne JA, Girard TA (2007) Paranoid delusions and threatening hallucinations: a prospective study of sleep paralysis experiences. Consciousness and Cognition, doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.01.002
Cheyne JA, Rueffer SD, Newby-Clark IR (1999) Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis: neurological and cultural construction of the night-mare. Conscious Cong 8:319–337
de Jong VT (2005) Cultural variation in the clinical presentation of sleep paralysis. Transcult Psychiatry 42:78–92
Feingold L (1982) Fuseli. Another nightmare: the night-hag visiting Lapland witches. Metrop Mus J 17:49–61
Freud S (1919) The uncanny. Penguin Classics, 2003
Granqvist P, Fredrikson M, Unge P, Hagenfeldt A, Valind S, Larhammar D et al (2005) Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak complex magnetic fields. Neurosci Lett 379:1–6
Hall FL (1993) Unique panic disorder presentation: ‘ridden by the witch’. Clin Psychiatry News, p 13
Harris J (2004) The nightmare. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:439–440
Heidegger M (1971) Building, dwelling, thinking http://pratt.edu/~arch543p/readings/Heidegger.html. Retrieved on 3 June 2009
Hinton DE, Pich V, Chhean D, Pollack MH, McNally RJ (2005) Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity. Depress Anxiety 22:47–51
Homer S (2005) Jacques lacan. Routledge, London
Hufford DJ (1982) The terror that comes in the night: an experience-centered study of supernatural assault traditions. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia
James W (1902) The varieties of religious experience: a study in human nature. The Modern Library, New York (1994)
Lacan J (1966) Écrits. W.W. Norton and Company, New York (2006)
Law S, Kirmayer LJ (2005) Inuit interpretations of sleep paralysis. Transcult Psychiatry 42:93–112
McNally RJ, Clancy SA (2005) Sleep paralysis, sexual abuse and space alien abduction. Transcult Psychiatry 42:113–122
Murphy T (1999) The sensed presence and vectorial hemisphericity. http://www.shaktitechnology.com/sp.htm Retrieved on June 3, 2009
Nielsen TA (2007) Felt presence: paranoid delusion or hallucinatory social imagery? Conscious Cogn (in press)
Nielsen TA, Lara-Carrasco J (2007) Nightmares, dreaming and emotion regulation: a review. In: Barrett D, McNamara P (eds) The new science of dreams. Praeger Greenwood, Westport
Nielsen T, Paquette T (2007) Dream-associated behaviours affecting pregnant and postpartum women. Sleep 30:1162–1169
Otto R (1926) The idea of the holy: an inquiry into the non rational factor in the idea of the divine. Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish, 2004
Persinger MA, Healey F (2002) Experimental facilitation of the sensed presence: possible intercalation between the hemispheres induced by complex magnetic fields. J Nerv Ment Dis 190:533–541
Rank O (1941) Beyond psychology. Courier Dover Publications (1958)
Solomonova E, Nielsen T, Stenstrom P, Simard V, Frantova E, Donderi D (2008) Sensed presence as a correlate of sleep paralysis distress, social anxiety and waking state social imagery. Conscious Cogn 17:49–63
Stores G (1998) Sleep paralysis and hallucinosis. Behav Neurol 11:109–112
Suedfeld P, Mocellin J (1987) The “sensed presence” in unusual environments. Environ Behav 19:33–52
Wing YK, Lee ST, Chen CN (1994) Sleep paralysis in Chinese: ghost oppression phenomenon in Hong Kong. Sleep 17:609–613
Acknowledgments
the authors wish to thank Sha Xin Wei, Timoth Sutton, and Philippe Stenstrom for their invaluable help.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Solomonova, E., Frantova, E. & Nielsen, T. Felt presence: the uncanny encounters with the numinous Other. AI & Soc 26, 171–178 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-010-0299-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-010-0299-x