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Multidirektionale Schulterinstabilität

Aktuelle Ansätze in Diagnostik und Therapie

Multidirectional shoulder instability

Current strategies in diagnosis and treatment

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung

Die multidirektionale Schulterinstabilität (MDI) ist selten und beinhaltet eine Instabilität der Schulter in mindestens 2 Richtungen. In der Regel besteht eine anteriore und posteriore Instabilitätssymptomatik, in seltenen Ausnahmen auch eine inferiore Komponente. Es wird zwischen der häufigeren MDI mit Hyperlaxität und der sehr seltenen MDI ohne Hyperlaxität (makrotraumatische Genese) unterschieden.

Methoden

Während die traumatisch bedingte MDI aufgrund eindeutiger Läsion unstrittig operativ behandelt wird, ist die Indikationsstellung bei atraumatischer MDI mit Hyperlaxität schwierig. Entscheidendes Kriterium für das operative Vorgehen ist der klinische und radiologische Nachweis einer strukturellen Läsion. Diese bezieht sich bei der MDI allerdings primär auf die Gelenkkapsel bzw. den glenoidalen Kapselansatz und nur sekundär auf typische Labrumläsionen. Darüber hinaus sollte klinisch ein pathologisches Muskelpatterning als funktionelle Ursache der Instabilität ausgeschlossen werden. Lässt sich die Indikation nicht eindeutig stellen, ist ein initial konservatives Vorgehen mit einer klinischen Verlaufskontrolle nach 3 Monaten gerechtfertigt.

Schlussfolgerung

Die operative Therapie wird i. d. R. arthroskopisch mittels konzentrischer Kapselraffung und Labrumaugmentation durchgeführt und liefert bei Berücksichtigung der entsprechenden Kriterien gute Ergebnisse.

Abstract

Introduction

Multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI) is a rare condition and involves an instability of the shoulder in at least two different directions. Typically, MDI involves anterior and posterior instability but in very rare cases there is also an additional inferior component and MDI is subdivided into patients with and without hyperlaxity. The occurrence of MDI with hyperlaxity is the most common form whereas MDI without hyperlaxity is the exception and is typically caused by macrotrauma.

Methods

The indications for surgical repair of traumatic MDI are undisputed due to the presence of obvious lesions but for patients with non-traumatic MDI and hyperlaxity the indications for surgery are more difficult. The key criterion for surgical repair is the objective clinical and radiological evidence of a structural lesion. In contrast to unidirectional instability the structural lesion is primarily displayed by capsule insufficiency and only secondarily by lesions of the labrum. Furthermore, a pathological muscle patterning should be clinically and radiologically excluded as a functional reason for instability. If there is any doubt regarding the surgical indications, patients should initially be treated conservatively and a clinical re-evaluation should be performed after 3 months.

Conclusion

As a rule surgical treatment is carried out by concentric capsulorrhaphy with labrum augmentation and good results can be obtained if the appropriate criteria are taken into consideration.

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Correspondence to M. Wellmann.

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Wellmann, M. Multidirektionale Schulterinstabilität. Arthroskopie 28, 254–260 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-015-0045-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-015-0045-y

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