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Form und Funktion von Menisken

Form and function of the menisci

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Arthroskopie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Kniegelenkmenisken vergrößern die Kontaktfläche zwischen Femur und Tibia und verhindern dadurch Stresskonzentrationen im zentralen Anteil des jeweiligen Kompartiments. Daneben haben die Menisken eine unterstützende Wirkung auf die Stabilisierung des Kniegelenks. Wesentliche Grundlage für diese Funktionen ist die spezielle Faserarchitektur. Die Hauptmasse der Kollagenfasern verläuft in Form zirkumferenter Bündel von der vorderen zur dorsalen tibialen Insertion. Durch den keilförmigen Querschnitt werden tibiofemorale Druckkräfte in Zugspannungen umgewandelt und zum Meniskusvorder- und -hinterhorn weitergeleitet. Die räumliche Ausrichtung der Kollagenfasern bewirkt eine starke Anisotropie der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Zug- und Scherfestigkeit sind in Längsrichtung der zirkumferenten Fasern um einige Größenordnungen höher als senkrecht dazu. Für eine erfolgreiche Wiederherstellung der Funktion muss die spezielle Anatomie der Menisken bei der Refixation von Rissen bzw. dem Ersatz von Menisken Berücksichtigung finden.

Abstract

The knee joint menisci increase the articulating surface of the tibio-femoral joint, thereby reducing the stress acting upon the joint cartilage. Furthermore, the menisci act as secondary stabilizers of the knee joint. These functions are based on the special fiber architecture. The main mass of the collagen fibers runs in bundles circumferentially from the ventral to the dorsal horn attachments. Due to the wedge-shaped cross-section, tibio-femoral pressures are converted into tensile forces. The dedicated spatial organization of the collagen bundles causes a substantial anisotropy of the mechanical properties. The tensile modulus in the longitudinal direction of the circumferential fibers is several orders of a magnitude higher than in the perpendicular direction. For a successful meniscus repair or replacement it is mandatory to take the special anatomy of the knee meniscus into consideration.

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  1. Klinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland

    C. Stärke

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  1. C. Stärke
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Correspondence to C. Stärke.

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Stärke, C. Form und Funktion von Menisken. Arthroskopie 21, 223–228 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-008-0469-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00142-008-0469-8

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