Skip to main content
Log in

Attention control with reinforcement learning for face recognition under partial occlusion

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Machine Vision and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper a new method for handling occlusion in face recognition is presented. In this method the faces are partitioned into blocks and a sequential recognition structure is developed. Then, a spatial attention control strategy over the blocks is learned using reinforcement learning. The outcome of this learning is a sorted list of blocks according to their average importance in the face recognition task. In the recall mode, the sorted blocks are employed sequentially until a confident decision is made. Obtained results of various experiments on the AR face database demonstrate the superior performance of proposed method as compared with that of the holistic approach in the recognition of occluded faces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhao R., Chellappa A., Rosenfeld P., Phillips P.: Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 35, 399–458 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Harandi M.T., Ahmadabadi M.N., Araabi B.N.: Optimal local basis: a reinforcement learning approach for face recognition. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 81(2), 191–204 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Salah A., Alpaydin E., Akarun L.: A selective attention-based method for visual pattern recognition with application to handwritten digit recognition and face recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(3), 420–425 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nefian, A.: An embedded HMM-based approach for face detection and recognition. In: IEEE International Conference on Acoustic, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (1999)

  5. Heisele B., Serre T., Poggio T.: A component-based framework for face detection and identification. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 74(2), 167–181 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kotsia I., Buciu I., Pitas I.: An analysis of facial expression recognition under partial facial image occlusion. Image Vis. Comput. 26(7), 1052–1067 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kim J., Choi J., Yi J., Turk M.: Effective representation using ICA for face recognition robust to local distortion and partial occlusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(12), 1977–1981 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Oh H.J., Lee K.M., Lee S.U.: Occlusion invariant face recognition using selective local non-negative matrix factorization basis images. Image Vis. Comput. 26(11), 1515–1523 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hotta K.: Robust face recognition under partial occlusion based on support vector machine with local Gaussian summation kernel. Image Vis. Comput. 26(11), 1490–1498 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Itti L., Koch C.: Computational modeling of visual attention. Nat. Rev. Neuroscience 2(3), 194–203 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Borji, A., Ahmadabadi, M.N., Araabi, B.N.: Cost-sensitive learning of top-down modulation for attentional control. Mach. Vis. Appl. (2009). doi:10.1007/s00138-009-0192-0. http://www.springerlink.com/content/67860nr8vv857782/

  12. Martinez, A., Benavente, R.: The AR face database. CVC, Tech. Rep. #24 (1998)

  13. Shakhnarovich, G., Moghaddam, B.: Face recognition handbook. In: Face Recognition in Subspaces. Springer, New York (2004)

  14. Webb A.: Statistical Pattern Recognition. 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (2002)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Belhumeur P.N., Hespanha J.P., Kriegman D.J.: Eigenfaces vs fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(7), 711–720 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jolliffe I.: Principal Component Analysis. 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2002)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaelbling L., Littman M., Cassandra A.: Planning and acting in partially observable stochastic domains. Artif. Intell. 101, 99–134 (1998)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Sutton R.S., Barto A.G.: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kaelbling L., Littman M., Moore A.: Reinforcement learning: a survey. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 4, 237–285 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ehsan Norouzi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Norouzi, E., Nili Ahmadabadi, M. & Nadjar Araabi, B. Attention control with reinforcement learning for face recognition under partial occlusion. Machine Vision and Applications 22, 337–348 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-009-0235-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-009-0235-6

Keywords

Navigation