References
Henderson WR, Dhingra VK, Chittock DR, Fenwick JC, Ronco JJ (2003) Hypothermia in the management of traumatic brain injury. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 29:1637–1644
McIntyre LA, Fergusson DA, Hebert PC, Moher D, Hutchison JS (2003) Prolonged therapeutic hypothermia after traumatic brain injury in adults: a systematic review. JAMA 289:2992–2999
Ioannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J (1998) Issues in comparisons between meta-analyses and large trials. JAMA 279:1089–1093
Shiozaki T, Hayakata T, Taneda M, Nakajima Y, Hashiguchi N, Fujimi S, Nakamori Y, Tanaka H, Shimazu T, Sugimoto H (2001) A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of mild hypothermia for severely head injured patients with low intracranial pressure. Mild Hypothermia Study Group in Japan. J Neurosurg 94:50–54
Shiozaki T, Kato A, Taneda M, Hayakata T, Hashiguchi N, Tanaka H, Shimazu T, Sugimoto H (1999) Little benefit from mild hypothermia therapy for severely head injured patients with low intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 91:185–191
Polderman KH (2004) Therapeutic hypothermia in the intensive care unit: problems, pitfalls and opportunities. I. Indications and evidence. Intensive Care Med 30:556–575
Ghajar J (2000) Traumatic brain injury. Lancet 356:923–929
Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS, McCauley S, Smith KR Jr, Muizelaar JP, Wagner FC Jr, Marion DW, Luerssen TG, Chesnut RM, Schwartz M (2001) Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 344:556–563
Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care (2000) Guidelines for cerebral perfusion pressure. J Neurotrauma 17:507–511
Fearnside MR, Cook RJ, McDougall P, McNeil RJ (1993) The Westmead Head Injury Project outcome in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of pre-hospital, clinical and CT variables. Br J Neurosurg 7:267–279
Chesnut RM, Marshall SB, Piek J, Blunt BA, Klauber MR, Marshall LF (1993) Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 59:121–125
Polderman KH, Peerdeman SM, Girbes ARJ (2001) Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia induced by cooling in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 94:697–705
Clifton GL, Choi SC, Miller ER, Levin HS, Smith KR Jr, Muizelaar JP, Wagner FC Jr, Marion DW, Luerssen TG (2001) Intercenter variance in clinical trials of head trauma—experience of the National Acute Brain Injury Study: hypothermia. J Neurosurg 95:751–755
Polderman KH (2004) Therapeutic hypothermia in the intensive care unit: problems, pitfalls and opportunities. II. Physiology and side effects. Intensive Care Med 30:757–769
Polderman KH, Girbes AR, Peerdeman SM, Vandertop WP (2001) Hypothermia. J Neurosurg 94:853–885
Marion DW, Penrod LE, Kelsey SF, Obrist WD, Kochanek PM, Palmer AM, Wisniewski SR, DeKosky ST (1997) Treatment of traumatic brain injury with moderate hypothermia. N Engl J Med 336:540–546
Polderman KH, Tjong Tjin Joe R, Peerdeman SM, Vandertop WP, Girbes ARJ (2002) Effects of artificially induced hypothermia on intracranial pressure and outcome in patients with severe traumatic head injury. Intensive Care Med 28:1563–1567
Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, Jones BM, Silvester W, Gutteridge G, Smith K (2002) Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 346:557–563
Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group (2002) Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 346:549–556
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Polderman, K.H., Ely, E.W., Badr, A.E. et al. Induced hypothermia in traumatic brain injury: considering the conflicting results of meta-analyses and moving forward. Intensive Care Med 30, 1860–1864 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-004-2383-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-004-2383-5