References
Ghajar J, Hariri RJ, Narayan RK, Iacono LA, Firlik K, Patterson RH (1995) Survey of critical care management of comatose, head-injured patients in the United States. Crit Care Med 23:560–567
Chesnut RM, Marshall LF, Klauber MR, Blunt BA, Baldwin N, Eisenberg HM, et al (1993) The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J Trauma 34: 216–222
Lundberg N (1960) continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 36: 1–193
Murray GD, Teasdale GM, Braakman R, Cohadon F, Dearden M, Iannotti F, et al (1999) The European Brain Injury Consortium Survey of Head Injuries. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 141:223–236
Patel HC, Menon DK, Tebbs S, Hawker R, Hutchinson PJ, Kirkpatrick PJ (2002) Specialist neurocritical care and outcome from head injury. Intensive Care Med. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00134-002-1235-4
Rosner MJ, Rosner SD, Johnson AH (1995) Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results. J Neurosurg 83:949–962
Asgeirsson B, Grände PO, Nordström CH (1994) A new therapy of posttrauma brain oedema based on haemodynamic principles for brain volume regulation. Intensive Care Med 20: 260–267
Naredi S, Edén E, Zäll S, Stephensen H, Rydenhag B (1998) A standardized neurosurgical/neurointensive therapy directed toward vasogenic edema after severe traumatic brain injury: clinical results. Intensive Care Med 24:446–451
Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS, McCauley S, Smith KR (2001) Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 344. 556–563
Maas AIR, Steyerberg EW, Murray GD, Bullock R, Baethmann A, Marshall LF, Teasdale GM (1999) Why have recent trials of neuroprotective agents in head injury failed to show convincing efficacy? A pragmatic analysis and theoretical considerations. Neurosurgery 44:1286–1289
Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (2000) The joint section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for cerebral perfusion pressure. J Neurotrauma 17:507–511
Maas A, Dearden M, Teasdale GM, et al (1997) EBIC guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 139:286–294
Grände P-O, Asgeirsson B, and Nordström CH (1997) Physiological principles for volume regulation of a tissue enclosed in a rigid shell with application to the injured brain. J Trauma 42: S23–S31
Naredi S, Olivecrona M, Lindgren C, Östlund A-L, Grände P-O, Koskinen LOD (2001) An outcome study of severe traumatic head injury using the “Lund therapy” with low-dose prostacyclin. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45: 402–406
Robertson CS, Valadka AB, Hannay HJ, Contant CF, Gopinath SP, Cormio M, et al (1999) Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury. Crit Care Med 10:2068–2095
Juul N, Morris GF, Marshall SB, Marshall LF (2000) Intracranial hypertension and cerebral perfusion pressure: influence on neurological deterioration and outcome in severe head injury. The Executive Committee of the International Selfotel Trial. J Neurosurg 92:1–6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grände, PO., Naredi, S. Clinical studies in severe traumatic brain injury: a controversial issue. Intensive Care Med 28, 529–531 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-002-1236-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-002-1236-3