Abstract
A 60-year-old female was admitted to internal medicine with a painful left knee after a fall and pneumonia. She had undergone a primary cemented left total knee arthroplasty in 2019 and a right cemented total knee arthroplasty in 2021. She had also a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with steroids and a Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor (upadacitinib). On admission intravenous antibiotic therapy was started for the treatment of pneumonia (piperacillin/tazobactam). Because of the persistent left knee pain, a knee puncture was carried out and confirmed a periprosthetic infection. A peripheral blood culture taken on admission day showed Haemophilus influenzae. She underwent a knee arthrotomy with debridement, irrigation, explantation of the knee prosthesis and spacer placement. Intraoperative cultures showed Haemophilus influenzae. The isolate was identified as a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain by the reference laboratory. Haemophilus influenzae strains rarely cause invasive diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis with immunosuppressive therapy may have predisposed this patient to severe invasive disease. The clinical presentation of an infection may differ markedly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from that in patients without rheumatoid arthritis or immunosuppression.
Zusammenfassung
Eine 60-jährige Frau wurde mit einem schmerzhaften linken Knie nach einem Sturz und einer Lungenentzündung in die Innere Medizin eingeliefert. Sie hatte 2019 eine primäre zementierte linke Knie-Totalendoprothese und 2021 eine zementierte rechte Knietotalendoprothese erhalten. Außerdem hatte sie eine rheumatoide Arthritis, die mit Steroiden und einem JAK1-Inhibitor (upadacitinib) behandelt wurde. Bei der Aufnahme wurde mit einer intravenösen Antibiotikatherapie zur Behandlung einer Lungenentzündung begonnen (Piperacillin/Tazobactam). Aufgrund der anhaltenden Schmerzen im linken Knie wurde eine Kniepunktion durchgeführt, die eine periprothetische Infektion bestätigte. Eine am Aufnahmetag entnommene periphere Blutkultur wies Haemophilus influenzae nach. Die Patientin unterzog sich einer Kniearthrotomie mit Débridement, Spülung, Explantation der Knieprothese und Einsetzen eines Spacers. Intraoperative Kulturen zeigten Haemophilus influenzae. Das Isolat wurde vom Referenzlabor als „nontypeable“ Haemophilus-influenzae-Stamm identifiziert. Haemophilus-influenzae-Stämme verursachen selten invasive Erkrankungen. Die rheumatoide Arthritis mit immunsuppressiver Therapie könnte unsere Patientin für eine schwere invasive Erkrankung prädisponiert haben. Das klinische Bild einer Infektion kann sich bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis deutlich von demjenigen bei Patienten ohne rheumatoide Arthritis oder Immunsuppression unterscheiden.
Abbreviations
- CNS :
-
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci
- CPK:
-
Creatine phosphokinase
- CRP:
-
C reactive protein
- DAIR:
-
Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention
- EPRD:
-
Endoprothesenregister Deutschland
- ESR:
-
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- GN:
-
Gram negative
- GP:
-
Gram positive
- Hb:
-
Haemoglobin
- Hi :
-
Haemophilus influenzae
- HZ:
-
Herpes zoster
- IV:
-
Intravenously
- JAK:
-
Janus kinase
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- MTX:
-
Methotrexate
- NTHi :
-
Non-typable strain Haemophilus influenzae
- PCT:
-
Procalcitonin
- PJI:
-
Prosthetic joint infection
- PMN:
-
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
- RA:
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
- ROM:
-
Range of motion
- STIR:
-
Short tau inversion recovery
- TKA:
-
Total knee arthroplasty
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- WBC:
-
White blood cell count
References
Fussi J, Perka C, Renner L (2016) Periprosthetic infections in patients with rheumatism: A challenge. Z Rheumatol 75(10):987–992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-016-0204-1
Grimberg A, Lützner J, Melsheimer O, Morlock M, Steinbrück A (2023) The German arthroplasty registry: Annual report 2022. http://www.eprd.de. Accessed January 2023; https://doi.org/10.36186/reporteprd062022
Khan S, Reddy S (2013) Haemophilus influenzae infection of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with CLL: a vaccine preventable disease. BMJ Case Rep. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-010307
Osmanski-Zenk K, Klinder A, Rimke C, Wirtz DC, Lohmann CH, Haas H, Kladny B, Mittelmeier W (2021) Evaluation of the standard procedure for treatment of periprosthetic joint infections of total knee and hip arthroplasty: a comparison of the 2015 and 2020 census in total joint replacement centres in Germany. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22(1):791. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04661-3
Tande AJ, Patel R (2014) Prosthetic joint infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 27(2):302–345. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00111-13
Bezwada HP, Nazarian DG, Booth RE Jr. (2002) Haemophilus influenza infection complicating a total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 402:202–205. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200209000-00019
Slack MPE (2015) A review of the role of Haemophilus influenzae in community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumonia 6:26–43. https://doi.org/10.15172/pneu.2015.6/520
Khattak ZE, Anjum F (2022) Haemophilus Influenzae. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island
Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR (2021) The role of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759720X211047662
Danese S, Vermeire S, Zhou W, Pangan AL, Siffledeen J, Greenbloom S, Hébuterne X, D’Haens G, Nakase H, Panés J, Higgins PDR, Juillerat P, Lindsay JO, Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ, Reinisch W, Chen MH, Sanchez Gonzalez Y, Huang B, Xie W, Liu J, Weinreich MA, Panaccione R (2022) Upadacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results from three phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomised trials. Lancet 399(10341):2113–2128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00581-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
S. Weenders, K.-D. Heller and D.R. Krueger declare that they have no competing interests.
For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case. For images or other information within the manuscript which identify the patient, consent was obtained from the patient.
Additional information
Scan QR code & read article online
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weenders, S., Heller, KD. & Krueger, D.R. Haemophilus influenzae infection of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Orthopädie 52, 843–847 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-023-04415-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-023-04415-0
Keywords
- Total knee arthroplasty
- Periprosthetic joint infection
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Immunosuppressive therapy
- Haemophilus influenzae