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Die modifizierte Dunn-Operation zur Behandlung der schweren Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris

The modified Dunn procedure to treat severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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Zusammenfassung

Durch die modifizierte Dunn-Operation kann bei Patienten mit Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris (ECF) die anatomische Fehlstellung korrigiert und die normale Funktion der Hüfte wiederhergestellt werden. Indikationen für diesen Eingriff sind schwere Abrutschgrade sowie ausgeprägte mechanische Beeinträchtigungen des Hüftgelenks auch bei geringeren Abrutschwinkeln. Ab Diagnosestellung der ECF bis zur operativen Versorgung wird eine Entlastung des Beins empfohlen, um eine sekundäre Dislokation des Hüftkopfs zu vermeiden, da die Stabilität der Epiphysenfuge klinisch nicht vorhergesagt werden kann. Der anspruchsvolle Eingriff sollte immer von einem in der hüftgelenkerhaltenden Chirurgie sehr erfahrenen Operateur und seinem Operationsteam durchgeführt werden. Nur das exakte Verständnis der vaskulären Anatomie des Hüftkopfs ermöglicht eine sichere Operation mit niedrigen Komplikationsraten. Der Zugang erfolgt über eine chirurgische Hüftluxation. Nach Arthrotomie wird der Hüftkopf hinsichtlich Stabilität der Epiphysenfuge überprüft. Bei Instabilität wird der Hüftkopf vor einer definitiven Luxation aus dem Acetabulum mit Kirschner-Drähten prophylaktisch fixiert, um ein Abreißen der retinakulären Gefäße zu verhindern. Nach Luxation des Femurkopfs aus dem Gelenk wird die Durchblutung getestet und der intraartikuläre Schaden begutachtet. Mithilfe eines retinakulären Weichteillappens wird die Blutversorgung des Hüftkopfs (der Epiphyse) gesichert. Die Reposition des Hüftkopfs erfolgt nach Abtragung des posteromedialen Kallus vom Schenkelhals und Resektion der Epiphysenfuge aus dem Hüftkopf, um eine spannungsfreie Reposition mit guter Perfusion des Hüftkopfs zu gewährleisten. Das Risiko einer avaskulären Nekrose ist bei korrekter technischer Durchführung gering.

Abstract

The modified Dunn procedure enables restoration of the proximal femoral anatomy and normal hip function in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Surgery is indicated in severe SCFE and in hips with a moderate slip angle and impaired function. To prevent further dislocation of the femoral head, the authors recommend non-weightbearing until surgery, since an accurate evaluation of slip stability is not possible in the clinical setting. Only a well-trained orthopedic surgeon with a high level of expertise in hip preservation surgery should perform this procedure. Precise knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the proximal femur is essential to perform successful surgery with low rates of complications such as avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Surgical hip dislocation with osteotomy of the greater trochanter is the approach used. After arthrotomy, stability of the physis is checked. To prevent rupture of the retinacular vessels in hips with an unstable physis, these heads are prophylactically pinned before dislocation out of the socket. Blood supply to the femoral head as well as intraarticular damage can be judged in the dislocated position of the femoral head. The retinacular flap preserves epiphyseal perfusion while the femoral head is dislocated from the femoral neck. Resection of posteromedial callous formation from the femoral neck as well as removal of the remaining physis from the femoral head prevent stress on the retinacular vessels after reduction of the femoral head (epiphysis) on the neck.

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Abbreviations

AVN:

Avaskuläre Nekrose

ECF:

Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris

FAI:

Femoroacetabuläres Impingement

SCFE:

„Slipped capital femoral epiphysis“

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Correspondence to S. D. Steppacher.

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K. Ziebarth, S.D. Steppacher und K.A. Siebenrock geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Ziebarth, K., Steppacher, S.D. & Siebenrock, K.A. Die modifizierte Dunn-Operation zur Behandlung der schweren Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris. Orthopäde 48, 668–676 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-019-03774-x

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