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Radiologische Diagnostik spinaler Tumoren

Teil 1: Allgemeine Tumordiagnostik und spezielle Diagnostik extraduraler Tumoren

Radiological diagnostics of spinal tumors

Part 1: general tumor diagnostics and special diagnostics of extradural tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Die radiologische Diagnostik von Wirbelsäulentumoren beinhaltet sowohl die Identifikation der vorliegenden Entität, als auch deren Bezug zu neuralen und stabilitätsgebenden Strukturen. Zur Anwendung kommen dabei insbesondere die Computer- und Magnetresonanztomographie, erstere für die Darstellung des Knochens, die zweite Modalität zur Beurteilung des Knochenmarks und der neuralen, diskoligamenären und muskulären Weichgewebe. Beide Methoden erlauben eine hohe räumliche Auflösung und multiplanare Darstellungen. Die radiologische Bewertung resultiert letztendlich aus der Zusammenführung von klinischer Information, anatomischem Verteilungsmuster und Morphologie der Entität. Suspekte Befunde können bei minimaler Invasivität und geringer Komplikationsrate CT-gesteuert biopsiert werden, hierbei können auch schwierig erreichbare Lokalisationen unter Zuhilfenahme multiplanarer Rekonstruktionen unter Schonung kritischer Strukturen erreicht werden. Dieser Übersichtsbeitrag diskutiert nach der allgemeinen Tumordiagnostik der Wirbelsäule im speziellen Teil typische bildmorphologische Charakteristika der häufigsten vertebrogenen Tumoren im Bereich der Wirbelsäule.

Abstract

Radiological investigation of spinal tumors includes identification of the suspect lesions as well as their relation to surrounding critical structures, such as nerve roots and the myelon. With the use of computed tomography (CT) the delineation of bone and with magnetic resonance tomography the assessment of bone marrow and soft tissue are possible with high-spatial resolution and multi-planar reconstructions. The consolidation of clinical information, distribution pattern and morphology of the lesion itself results in the final radiological evaluation. Because of low invasiveness and complications, CT-guided biopsy is a common tool in cases of suspected lesions. With the help of multi-planar reconstructions even difficult approaches are possible without impairment of critical structures. This review article discusses typical imaging characteristics of common tumors originating from the vertebral column after a section on basic and general aspects of tumor diagnostics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    J.K. Kloth, C. Rehnitz & M.-A. Weber

  2. Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Neurologische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    M. Wolf

  3. Department Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Stiftung orthopädische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    B. Lehner & B. Wiedenhöfer

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  1. J.K. Kloth
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  2. M. Wolf
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  3. C. Rehnitz
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  4. B. Lehner
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  5. B. Wiedenhöfer
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  6. M.-A. Weber
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Correspondence to J.K. Kloth.

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Kloth, J., Wolf, M., Rehnitz, C. et al. Radiologische Diagnostik spinaler Tumoren. Orthopäde 41, 595–607 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-012-1978-8

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