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Medizinische Trainingstherapie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der osteoporotischen Wirbelsäule

Medical training therapy with special consideration to osteoporosis of the spinal column

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Zusammenfassung

In allen Lebensphasen spielt die medizinische Trainingstherapie (MTT) zum Erhalt und zur Förderung der muskuloskelettalen Gesundheit des Menschen eine entscheidende Rolle. In Kindheit und Jugend kann sie zum Aufbau einer möglichst hohen so genannten Spitzenknochenmasse beitragen und damit das Auftreten einer Osteoporose angesichts zunehmender Lebenserwartung möglichst lange verzögen oder ganz vermeiden. Beim jungen Erwachsenen ist gezielte MTT gut geeignet, das Leistungsvermögen zu verbessern und die maximal aufgebaute Knochenmasse zu erhalten. Letzteres gilt auch für peri- und postmenopausale Frauen, die durch MTT den hormonmangelbedingten Verlust an Knochenmasse im Vergleich zu Nichttrainierenden kompensieren können. Beim älteren Menschen, der unter Umständen schon mehrere Knochenbrüche erlitten hat und durch zunehmende Gebrechlichkeit Gefahr läuft, dauerhaft abhängig von Fremdhilfe zu werden, können durch regelmäßige MTT Muskelkraft und Muskelmasse auch bis ins hohe Alter noch verbessert werden, um dadurch das Risiko für Stürze mit weiteren Knochenbrüchen zu vermeiden und auch die Fähigkeit zur Selbstversorgung möglichst lange zu erhalten. Um dies zu unterstützen, können auch stationäre Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen sinnvoll sein, die entsprechend einer geänderten Sozialgesetzgebung vom 1. April 2007 auch besonders gefördert werden sollen („Reha vor Pflege“).

Abstract

Medical training therapy (MTT) plays a decisive role in maintenance and development of musculoskeletal health of humans in all phases of life. In childhood and adolescence it can contribute to the highest possible so-called peak bone mass and thus avoid or delay the appearance of osteoporosis for as long as possible, in view of increased life expectations. In young adults targeted MTT is well suited to improve performance and to maintain the maximum developed bone mass. The latter is also true for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in whom MTT can compensate for the loss of bone mass due to hormone deficiency in comparison to those not in training. Elderly people who have possibly already suffered several fractures and who are in danger of becoming permanently dependent on external help due to increasing fragility can still improve muscle strength and mass by regular MTT even in advanced age. This will reduce or avoid the risk of falling and maintain the ability to be self-sufficient for as long as possible. In order to support this, rehabilitation measures even in-hospital, could be useful and should be especially promoted in line with the amendments to the social legislation effective from 1st April 2007 (“Rehabilitation before nursing”).

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Pfeifer, M., Hinz , C. & Minne, H. Medizinische Trainingstherapie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der osteoporotischen Wirbelsäule. Orthopäde 39, 380–386 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-010-1595-3

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