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Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Krebs

Hormonal contraception and cancer

  • Leitthema
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Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Hormonelle Kontrazeptiva („oral contraceptives“, OC) sind die am häufigsten verordneten Medikamente bei Frauen im reproduktiven Alter. Auch geringfügige Modifikationen des Risikos für bestimmte Karzinome durch OC könnten zu relevanten Änderungen ihrer Inzidenzen führen.

Fragestellung

Beeinflussung der Risiken für das Auftreten relevanter Malignome durch Anwendung hormoneller Kontrazeptiva.

Methode

Narrativer Review der Literatur (Pubmed einschließlich 2014); Suchbegriffe: hormonal contraception, cancer.

Ergebnisse

Orale Kontrazeptiva reduzieren deutlich das Risiko für Ovarial- und Endometriumkarzinome. Das Mammakarzinomrisiko wird vorübergehend leicht erhöht, insbesondere bei Einnahmebeginn vor dem 20. Lebensjahr bzw. vor der ersten Schwangerschaft. Bei BRCA-Mutationsträgerinnen sind die Effekte vergleichbar. Die Daten zur Risikomodifikation von Zervix- und kolorektalen Karzinomen sind nicht eindeutig. In der Summe führt die Einnahme oraler Kontrazeptiva nicht zu einem erhöhten Krebsrisiko.

Abstract

Background

Hormonal contraceptives (oral contraceptives, OC) are the most frequently prescribed drugs for women of reproductive age. Even small modifications in cancer risks induced by OC would lead to relevant changes in cancer incidences.

Methods

Narrative review of the literature (PubMed including 2014) using the search terms hormonal contraception and cancer.

Results

The use of OC markedly reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. The risk of breast cancer is temporarily slightly increased especially if OC use starts before the age of 20 or before the first pregnancy. Comparable effects were observed in women with BRCA mutations. The results concerning OC-induced risk modifications for cervical and colorectal cancer are unclear. Use of OCs does not lead to an overall increased risk of cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts-Frauenklinik Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland

    G. Emons

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  1. G. Emons
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Correspondence to G. Emons.

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G. Emons gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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M. Ludwig, Hamburg

T. Strowitzki, Heidelberg

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Emons, G. Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Krebs. Gynäkologe 48, 651–656 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3745-5

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