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Kontrazeption – ab wann und wie lange?

Contraception – when to start and how long to use?

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Zusammenfassung

Beginn und Ende einer Kontrazeption hängen von der sexuellen Aktivität der Frau ab. Mit zunehmendem Alter verändert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Risikofaktoren, die v. a. das kardiovaskuläre Risiko beeinflussen werden. Die Knochengesundheit wird bei Betrachtung kombinierter Kontrazeptiva und unter Berücksichtigung des klinischen Endpunktes „Frakturrisiko“ weder bei jüngeren noch bei älteren Frauen negativ beeinflusst. Bei Frauen jenseits des 30. Geburtstags haben kombinierte Kontrazeptiva tatsächlich wahrscheinlich eher Vorteile bezüglich der Frakturrate. Onkologische Risiken sind eher nicht altersabhängig. Alternativen zu kombinierten Kontrazeptiva sind die hormonellen Intrauterinsysteme, die in diesem Beitrag bezüglich ihrer Bedeutung v. a. für das Ende der reproduktiven Lebensphase diskutiert werden. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist der Einsatz von kombinierten Hormonpräparaten mit Gestagenen in Ovulationshemmdosis im Vergleich zu den östradiol(valerat)-haltigen kombinierten Kontrazeptiva in der 5. und 6. Lebensdekade.

Abstract

The start and end of contraception depend on the sexual activity of a woman. With increasing age, the probability of risk factors grows, which may have an impact on cardiovascular health and risk. The risk of fractures in later life is not increased in younger or older users of combined oral contraceptives. Women over 30 years of age will have more benefits in bone health and a reduced fracture risk in later life. Oncological risks do not seem be dependent on age. Alternatives to combined oral contraceptives are hormonal intrauterine systems, which are discussed in this article with regard to their use in later reproductive life. Another aspect that is considered is the use of hormonal preparations with progestins in ovulation-inhibiting doses or combined oral contraceptives with estradiol or estradiol valerate.

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Ludwig, M. Kontrazeption – ab wann und wie lange?. Gynäkologe 48, 634–642 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3707-y

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