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Myomtherapie und Fertilität

Myoma therapy and fertility

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Zusammenfassung

Uterusmyome können ein Konzeptionshindernis darstellen und auch in einer bestehenden Schwangerschaft zu Komplikationen führen. Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht des aktuellen Kenntnisstandes zu Ätiologie und Therapiemöglichkeiten. Das Evidenzniveau, auf dessen Basis Therapieempfehlungen gegeben werden können, ist aufgrund der unzureichenden Datenlage niedrig. Patientinnen mit unerfülltem Kinderwunsch und submukösen oder intramural/submukösen Myomen scheinen von einer Myomenukleation hinsichtlich der Schwangerschaftsrate zu profitieren. Allerdings sollte diese erst nach Durchführung einer generellen Sterilitätsdiagnostik des Paares erfolgen. Offene und laparoskopische Myomenukleationen scheinen hinsichtlich der Schwangerschaftsrate gleichwertige Verfahren darzustellen. Ein laparoskopisches Vorgehen ist mit weniger perioperativem Blutverlust und Schmerzen sowie schnellerer Rekonvaleszenz assoziiert. Ob sich eine Patientin mit Kinderwunsch, jedoch ohne Sterilitätsanamnese und bekanntem Uterusmyom vor Anstreben der Schwangerschaft einer operativen Therapie unterziehen sollte oder nicht ist unklar. Aufgrund der insgesamt unzureichenden Datenlage scheint sowohl nach hysteroskopischer Myomenukleation als auch nach offener oder laparoskopischer Myomentfernung unter entsprechender Überwachung ein vaginaler Entbindungsversuch möglich.

Abstract

Uterine myoma can be associated with infertility and complications during pregnancy. The current review article summarizes the current state of the art with respect to the etiology and therapeutic modalities. The level of evidence of most recommendations is relatively low due to the lack of prospective randomized trials. In patients with infertility and submucous or intramural/submucous myoma, myomectomy seems to increase the pregnancy rate. However, a general sterility assessment should be performed prior to undertaking surgical measures. Open and laparoscopic myomectomy are similar with respect to pregnancy rates; however, a laparoscopic approach is associated with less blood loss and perioperative pain as well as shorter hospitalization. Whether a patient without any history of sterility, who presents with uterine myoma should undergo surgery prior to an intended pregnancy, is unclear. After myomectomy by hysteroscopy, laparoscopy or laparotomy, vaginal delivery is usually safe; however this observation is based only on few retrospective studies.

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Correspondence to J.B. Engel.

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Engel, J., Ortmann, O. Myomtherapie und Fertilität. Gynäkologe 47, 26–30 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3203-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-013-3203-1

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