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Adipositas – Risikofaktor für onkologische Erkrankungen

Obesity – risk factor for malignancies

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz der Adipositas nimmt weltweit rapide zu. Die gesundheitlichen und ökonomischen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung sind bedeutsam, da Adipositas mit zahlreichen Erkrankungen assoziiert ist. Neben einer Erhöhung des Risikos für Typ-II-Diabetes und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen bestätigen große prospektive Studien, dass Übergewicht die Inzidenz und Mortalität einer Reihe von bösartigen Tumoren erhöht. Zu diesen zählen die Karzinome des Kolons, der Mamma (postmenopausal) und des Endometriums sowie das Nierenzellkarzinom und Adenokarzinome des Ösophagus. Die gesteigerte Insulinresistenz und die daraus resultierende chronische Hyperinsulinämie, die höhere Bioverfügbarkeit von Steroidhormonen und lokale Entzündungsprozesse werden als potenzielle Mechanismen für die adipositasassoziierte Entstehung und Progression von Tumoren angeführt. Auch einige aus dem Fettgewebe stammende Hormone, Adipozytokine, scheinen die Karzinogenese zu beeinflussen. Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass diätetische Interventionsstrategien das Risiko für Krebserkrankungen vermindern und die Prognose verbessern.

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. The consequences of this development for health and economy are important, since obesity is associated with many diseases. In addition to an increase in the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, large prospective studies confirm that excess body weight also increases the incidence and mortality of a number of malignancies including cancers of the colon, female breast (postmenopausal), endometrium, kidney (renal cell), and esophagus (adenocarcinoma). The potential mechanisms by which obesity induces or promotes tumorigenesis include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased bioavailability of steroid hormones and localized inflammation. Moreover, some of the adipose tissue-derived hormones have been proposed to influence carcinogenesis. There is growing evidence that dietary intervention strategies may reduce risk and improve prognosis of cancer diseases.

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  1. Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland

    A. Kaczerowsky, G. Emons &  T. Hawighorst

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  1. A. Kaczerowsky
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  2. G. Emons
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  3. T. Hawighorst
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Correspondence to T. Hawighorst.

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Kaczerowsky, A., Emons, G. & Hawighorst, T. Adipositas – Risikofaktor für onkologische Erkrankungen. Gynäkologe 44, 885–890 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-011-2834-3

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