Skip to main content
Log in

Einfluss der CTG-Überwachung auf das klinische Outcome

Bilanz nach 40 Jahren Debatte

Impact of CTG monitoring on clinical outcome

Conclusions after 40 years of debate

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Diese Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich kritisch mit der Literatur zur Bewertung des Einflusses der intrapartalen Kardiotokographie (CTG) auf die klinischen Ergebnisse und ihre Bedeutung in der klinischen Praxis. Das elektronische fetale Monitoring (EFM) wurde vor 40 Jahren eingeführt. In Studien konnten keine eindeutig positiven Auswirkungen der CTG-Überwachung auf die Inzidenz der Zerebralparese, der perinatalen Mortalität und andere Indikatoren der Neugeborenengesundheit nachgewiesen werden. Der einzige klinisch relevante Vorteil der CTG ist die Reduktion der neonatalen Krämpfe. Die kontinuierliche Kardiotokographie ist mit einer Zunahme der Kaiserschnitte und der operativ-vaginalen Entbindungen assoziiert und hat eine hohe Falsch-positiv-Rate. Obwohl eindeutige Belege fehlen, die für die CTG sprechen, bleibt sie bis zur Entwicklung neuer Technologien ein sinnvolles Mittel zur Überwachung des fetalen Status unter der Geburt.

Abstract

This review critically appraises the literature to evaluate the impact of intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) on clinical outcome and to revisit its role in clinical practice. Electronic fetal monitoring in labour (EFM) has been used for the last 40 years. Studies have failed to demonstrate clear benefits of the use of CTG monitoring on the incidence of cerebral palsy, perinatal mortality or other indicators of neonatal well-being. The only clinically relevant benefit from the use of CTG is a reduction of neonatal seizures. Continuous CTG is associated with an increase in caesarean sections and instrumental vaginal deliveries and has a high false positive rate. However, despite the lack of clear evidence to support its role, until new technologies are developed, CTG monitoring is a useful modality when monitoring fetal status during labour.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Alfirevic Z, Devane D, Gyte GM (2006) Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD006066

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Amer-Wahlin I, Hellsten C, Noren H et al (2001) Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: A Swedish randomised controlled trial. Lancet 358:534–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Beckley S, Stenhouse E, Greene K (2000) The development and evaluation of a computer-assisted teaching programme for intrapartum fetal monitoring. Bjog 107:1138–1144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bix E, Reiner LM, Klovning A, Oian P (2005) Prognostic value of the labour admission test and its effectiveness compared with auscultation only: A systematic review. Bjog 112:1595–1604

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Devane D, Lalor J (2005) Midwives‘ visual interpretation of intrapartum cardiotocographs: Intra- and inter-observer agreement. J Adv Nurs 52:133–141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. East CE, Brennecke SP, King JF et al (2006) The effect of intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry, in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern, on operative delivery rates: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (the FOREMOST trial). Am J Obstet Gynecol 194:606, e601–e616

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. East CE, Chan FY, Colditz PB, Begg LM (2007) Fetal pulse oximetry for fetal assessment in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004075

  8. Haverkamp AD, Orleans M, Langendoerfer S et al (1979) A controlled trial of the differential effects of intrapartum fetal monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 134:399–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Haverkamp AD, Thompson HE, McFee JG, Cetrulo C (1976) The evaluation of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in high-risk pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 125:310–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Impey L, Reynolds M, MacQuillan K et al (2003) Admission cardiotocography: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361:465–470

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ingemarsson I, Arulkumaran S, Ingemarsson E et al (1986) Admission test: a screening test for fetal distress in labor. Obstet Gynecol 68:800–806

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Johnson N, Johnson VA, Fisher J et al (1991) Fetal monitoring with pulse oximetry. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 98:36–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Keith RD, Beckley S, Garibaldi JM et al (1995) A multicentre comparative study of 17 experts and an intelligent computer system for managing labour using the cardiotocogram. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102:688–700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kennedy RG (1998) Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: Retrospective reflections on a twentieth-century technology. J R Soc Med 91:244–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Klauser CK, Christensen EE, Chauhan SP et al (2005) Use of fetal pulse oximetry among high-risk women in labor: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192:1810–1817; discussion 1817–1819

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. MacDonald D, Grant A, Sheridan-Pereira M et al (1985) The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 152:524–539

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Murphy KW, Johnson P, Moorcraft J et al (1990) Birth asphyxia and the intrapartum cardiotocograph. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 97:470–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nelson KB, Dambrosia JM, Ting TY, Grether JK (1996) Uncertain value of electronic fetal monitoring in predicting cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med 334:613–618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. NICE (2001) Electronic fetal monitoring: The use and interpretation of cardiotocography in intrapartum fetal surveillance. Edited by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

  20. NICE (2007) Intrapartum care. Care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth. Edited by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. RCOG Press

  21. Steer PJ (2008) Has electronic fetal heart rate monitoring made a difference. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:2–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Thacker SB, Stroup DF, Peterson HB (1995) Efficacy and safety of intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring: An update. Obstet Gynecol 86:613–620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vintzileos AM, Nochimson DJ, Guzman ER et al (1995) Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 85:149–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Westerhuis ME, Kwee A, van Ginkel AA et al (2007) Limitations of ST analysis in clinical practice: Three cases of intrapartum metabolic acidosis. Bjog 114:1194–1201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JS, Greene KR (1992) Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring. Lancet 340:194–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Westgate J, Harris M, Curnow JS, Greene KR (1993) Plymouth randomized trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring in 2400 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169:1151–1160

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Keine Angabe

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Arulkumaran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Doumouchtsis, S., Arulkumaran, S. Einfluss der CTG-Überwachung auf das klinische Outcome. Gynäkologe 42, 336–342 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-008-2286-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-008-2286-6

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation