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Primär- und Sekundärprävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen durch Hormonsubstitution

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Zusammenfassung

Zur kardiovaskulären Prävention durch Hormonsubstitution (HRT) liegen derzeit 5 Studien vor, die nach "Evidence-based-Medicine-Level I" mit klinischen Endpunkten (Häufigkeit von Infarkt, Insult, Mortalität) durchgeführt wurden, d. h. mit primär randomisiertem, placebokontrolliertem doppelblindem Studiendesign. In 4 dieser Studien sollte die Sekundärprävention geprüft werden, in keiner wurde ein präventiver Hormoneffekt nachgewiesen. Dagegen wurde ein initial erhöhtes Risiko festgestellt. Gleiches gilt für die abgebrochene Women's Health Initiative, die eher als Studie zur Sekundärprävention zu werten ist. Von den Alternativen gibt es nur für Raloxifen fragliche Hinweise auf sekundärpräventive Effekte für Phytopräpate oder Tibolon liegen keine Interventionsstudien vor. Obwohl alle bisherigen Studien erhebliche Mängel haben und eine Primärprävention bei rechtzeitigem Therapiebeginn und adäquater Therapie möglich erscheint, sollte derzeit keine HRT und auch keine der Alternativen zur kardiovaskulären Prävention eingesetzt werden. Soweit indiziert, sollte die Therapie nach dem Prinzip der Risikominimierung erfolgen, d. h. mit möglichst niedrigen Dosen und physiologischer Hormonsubstitution.

Abstract

At present, 5 studies are available on the prevention of cardiovascular disease using hormone replacement therapy which were done at the "evidence based medicine level I" with clinical endpoints (frequency of myocardial infarction, insult, and mortality), i. e. with a primary, randomised, placebo controlled, double blind study design. Four of these investigated secondary prevention. These studies showed an initially higher risk rather than a preventive effect. The same applied to the prematurely terminated Women's Health Initiative, which should be regarded as a study of secondary prevention. In terms of alternative preparations, only raloxifen shows indications of secondary preventive effects although these are questionable; no intervention studies exist for phytopreparations or tibolone. Even though all studies to date have considerable deficiencies, and primary prevention appears possible with an adequate and early start to therapy, no HRT or any alternative should be used solely for the purpose of cardiovascular prevention. If indicated, the therapy should consist of dosages as low and close as possible to physiological hormone substitution.

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Mueck, A.O. Primär- und Sekundärprävention kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen durch Hormonsubstitution. Gynäkologe 36, 197–209 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-002-1327-9

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