Abstract
Metal composites have been extensively used in various fields such as automotive industry, medicine and pharmacy. However, the high exposure of these chemicals may have an adverse effect on the living organisms. In this study, the effect of titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) on the model organism Galleria mellonella was investigated. The change in the metabolic enzymes such as alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase in the hemolymph of G. mellonella which was exposed to Ti3AlC2 was determined. The contents of the bilirubin, albumin, uric acid and the total protein were also measured after the Ti3AlC2 exposure on the model organism. The results of our study clearly indicate that Ti3AlC2 has adverse effects on the model organism G. mellonella.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All relevant data are included in the paper.
References
Ahmad M, Taweel GMA, Hidayathulla S (2018) Nano-composites chitosan-curcumin synergistically inhibits the oxidative stress induced by toxic metal cadmium. Int J Biol Macromol 108:591–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.054
Bronskill J (1961) A cage to simplify the rearing of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae). J Lep Soc 15:102–104
Büyükgüzel E, Kalender Y (2008) Galleria mellonella (L.) survivorship, development and protein content in response to dietary antibiotics. J Entomol Sci 43:27–40. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.1.27
Büyükgüzel E, Hyršl P, Büyükgüzel K (2010) Eicosanoids mediate hemolymph oxidative and antioxidative response in larvae of Galleria mellonella L. comparative biochemistry and physiology part. Mol Integr Physiol 156:176–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.020
Çetinkaya Z, Güneş E, Şavkliyildiz İ (2023) Investigation of biochemical properties of flash sintered ZrO2–SnO2 nanofibers. Mater Chem Phys 293:126900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126900
Dere B, Altuntaş H, Nurullahoğlu ZU (2015) Insecticidal and oxidative effects of azadirachtin on the model organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 89:138–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21231
Elizalde-Bielsa A, Aragón-Aranda B, Loperena-Barber M et al (2023) Development and evaluation of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) infection model to study Brucella host-pathogen interaction. Microb Pathog 174:105930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105930
Emre I, Kayis T, Coskun M et al (2013) Changes in antioxidative enzyme activity, glycogen, lipid, protein, and malondialdehyde content in cadmium-treated Galleria mellonella Larvae. Ann Entomol Soc Am 106:371–377. https://doi.org/10.1603/AN12137
Etebari K, Bizhannia AR, Sorati R, Matindoost L (2007) Biochemical changes in haemolymph of silkworm larvae due to pyriproxyfen residue. Pestic Biochem Physiol 88:14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.08.005
Goc K, Prendota W, Chlubny L et al (2018) Structure, morphology and electrical transport properties of the Ti3AlC2 materials. Ceram Int 44:18322–18328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.07.045
Gopi N, Vijayakumar S, Thaya R et al (2019) Chronic exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to sub-lethal copper concentrations: effects on growth, antioxidant, non-enzymatic antioxidant, oxidative stress and non-specific immune responses. J Trace Elem Med Biol 55:170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.011
Hayashima K, Katoh H (2022) Expression of gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 in glioblastoma cells confers resistance to cystine deprivation–induced ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 298:101703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101703
Ibrahim AMA, Ali AM (2018) Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles induce developmental and physiological changes in the larval and pupal stages of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Asia Pac Entomol 21:1373–1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.10.018
Li S, Tan H-Y, Wang N et al (2015) The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. IJMS 16:26087–26124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125942
Li F, Cui L, Yu D et al (2019) Exogenous glutathione improves intracellular glutathione synthesis via the γ-glutamyl cycle in bovine zygotes and cleavage embryos. J Cell Physiol 234:7384–7394. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27497
Matranga V, Corsi I (2012) Toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles in the marine environment: model organisms and molecular approaches. Mar Environ Res 76:32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.01.006
Medithi S, Jonnalagadda PR, Jee B (2021) Predominant role of antioxidants in ameliorating the oxidative stress induced by pesticides. Arch Environ Occup Health 76:61–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1750333
Mese Y, Tuncsoy B, Ozalp P (2022) Effects of Cu, Zn and their mixtures on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities in Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Ecotoxicology 31:649–656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-022-02531-9
Sertçelik M, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E et al (2018) Diaquabis N, N-dietilnikotinamid-lN1 bis 4-formilbenzoato-lO kobalt II kompleksinin model Organizma Galleria mellonella L. Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Üzerindeki Toksikolojik ve Fizyolojik Etkileri. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 8:359–364
Sertçelik M, Sugeçti S, Öztürkkan FE, Hökelek T (2023) Synthesis, characterization and effects on biochemical parameters of model organism Galleria mellonella L.(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of Cu (II) 4-cyanobenzoate with 4-cyanopyridine complex. Chem Pap 77:5331–5342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02865-6
Sezer Tuncsoy B, Tuncsoy M, Gomes T et al (2019) Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on tissue accumulation and antioxidant enzymes of Galleria mellonella L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102:341–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2529-8
Sugeçti S (2021a) Biochemical and immune responses of model organism Galleria mellonella after infection with Escherichia coli. Entomol Exp Appl 169:911–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13092
Sugeçti S (2021b) Pathophysiological effects of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection on Galleria mellonella as an invertebrate model organism. Arch Microbiol 203:3509–3517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02346-y
Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel K (2022) Effects of Ni (II) p-hydroxybenzoate with caffeine on metabolic, antioxidant, andbiochemical parameters of model insect Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turkish J Zool 46:167–174. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2110-6
Sugeçti S, Tunçsoy B, Büyükgüzel E et al (2021) Ecotoxicological effects of dietary titanium dioxide nanoparticles on metabolic and biochemical parameters of model organism Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Environ Sci Health Part C 39:423–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/26896583.2021.1969846
Sugeçti S, Kepekçi AB, Büyükgüzel K (2023) Effects of midazolam on antioxidant levels, biochemical and metabolic parameters in Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) eggs parasitized by Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 110:4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03648-7
Tunçsoy B, Sugeçti S, Büyükgüzel E et al (2021) Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on immune and metabolic parameters of Galleria mellonella L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 107:412–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03261-0
Tzenov NV, Barsoum MW (2004) Synthesis and characterization of Ti3AlC2. J Am Ceram Soc 83:825–832. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01281.x
Wang XH, Zhou YC (2002) Microstructure and properties of Ti3AlC2 prepared by the solid–liquid reaction synthesis and simultaneous in-situ hot pressing process. Acta Mater 50:3143–3151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00117-9
Wright CL, Kavanagh O (2022) Galleria mellonella as a novel in vivo model to screen natural product-derived modulators of innate immunity. Appl Sci 12:6587. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136587
Yang Y, Li R, Liu A et al (2023) How does the internal distribution of microplastics in Scylla serrata link with the antioxidant response in functional tissues? Environ Pollut 324:121423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121423
Yasur J, Usha Rani P (2015) Lepidopteran insect susceptibility to silver nanoparticles and measurement of changes in their growth, development and physiology. Chemosphere 124:92–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.029
Zorlu T, Nurullahoğlu ZU, Altuntaş H (2018) Influence of dietary titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the biology and antioxidant system of model insect, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Entomol Res Soc 20:89–103
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by Necmettin Erbakan University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Project numbers: 2112MER03003, 221219006.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sugeçti, S., Akbayrak, S., Büyükgüzel, E. et al. Ecotoxicological Effects of Titanium Aluminum Carbide Composites on Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters of Galleria mellonella. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 111, 52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-023-03807-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-023-03807-4