Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two foliar fertilizers, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) and Na2SiO3 (Si), on the accumulation of Pb by a low-Pb accumulator Brassica napus cultivar (QY-1) grown at two mildly Pb-contaminated farmland sites surrounding working smelters in Jiyuan city, Henan province, China. Regardless of the frequency of the fertilizer treatments, the foliar application of WSC (0.01%) or Si (0.15%) significantly increased the QY-1 biomass and decreased the grain Pb concentrations. Compared with the control treatment, spraying plants once with WSC or Si during the flowering period achieved the best effect in the two soils with different pollution, which may be because inhibiting the accumulation of Pb in grains by decreasing the husk-to-grain transfer coefficient. Thus, the foliar application of WSC or Si combined with the cultivation of a low-Pb accumulator is a promising approach for optimizing the utility of Pb-contaminated farmland affected by atmospheric deposition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F, Farid M, Qayyum MF, Irshad MK (2015) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 119:186–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.011
Alpaslan B, Yukselen MA (2002) Remediation of Pb contaminated soils by stabilization/solidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 133:253–263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012977829536
Bian JL, Cao W, Guo JM, Yang JX, Wang XD, Wang J, Huang J, Xia TX, Xia CY (2022) Water-soluble chitosan and phytoremediation efficiency of two Brassica napus L. cultivars in cadmium-contaminated farmland soils. Int J Phytoremediation 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2022.2049693
Brunetti G, Farrag K, Soler-Rovira P, Nigro F, Senesi N (2011) Greenhouse and field studies on Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn phytoextraction by Brassica napus from contaminated soils in the Apulia region, Southern Italy. Geoderma 160(3–4):517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.023
Cai YX, Zhang SH, Cai KZ, Huang F, Pan BG, Wang W (2020) Cd accumulation, biomass and yield of rice are varied with silicon application at different growth phases under high concentration cadmium-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 242:125128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125128
Cui S, Zhou Q, Chao L (2007) Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery, northeast China. Environ Geol 51:1003–1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0373-3
Gao PP, Xue PY, Dong JW, Zhang XM, Sun HX, Geng LP, Luo SX, Zhao JJ, Liu WJ (2021) Contribution of PM2.5-Pb in atmospheric fallout to Pb accumulation in Chinese cabbage leaves via stomata. J Hazard Mater 407:124356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124356
GB 2672 – 2017 Food safety standard of China. http://www.gov.cn/zqscjgj 2622144
Godwin HA (2001) The biological chemistry of lead. Curr Opin Chem Biol 5(2):223–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00194-0
Guo JM, Zheng GD, Yang JX, Chen TB, Meng XF, Xia TX (2022) Safe utilization of cadmium- and Pb- contaminated farmland by cultivating a winter rapeseed/maize rotation compared with two phytoextraction approaches. J Environ Manage 304(15):114306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114306
Guo Y, Qiu CS, Long SH, Wang H, Wang YF (2020) Cadmium accumulation, translocation, and assessment of eighteen Linum usitatissimum L. cultivars growing in heavy metal contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 22(5):490–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2019.1683714
Horst WJ, Fecht M, Naumann A, Wissemeier AH, Maier P (1999) Physiology of manganese toxicity and tolerance in Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 162(3):263–274. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(199906)160.CO;2-A
Hu W, Niu YL, Zhu H, Dong K, Wang DQ, Liu F (2021) Remediation of zinc-contaminated soils by using the two-step washing with citric acid and water-soluble chitosan. Chemosphere 282:131092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131092
Hussain B, Lin Q, Hamid Y, Sanaullah M, Di L, Hashmi M, Khan MB, He ZL, Yang XE (2020) Foliage application of selenium and silicon nanoparticles alleviates Cd and Pb toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Total Environ 712:136–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136497
Hussain S, Li SX, Mumtaz M, Shafiq I, Iqbal N, Brestic M, Shoaib M, Qin SS, Wang L, Xu M, Chen B, Zivcak M, Rastogi A, Skalicky M, Hejnak V, Liu WG, Yang WY (2021) Foliar application of silicon improves stem strength under low light stress by regulating lignin biosynthesis genes in soybean (Glycine max L.) Merr. J Hazard Mater 401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123256
Iwasaki K, Maier P, Fecht M, Horst WJ (2002) Leaf apoplastic silicon enhances manganese tolerance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). J Plant Physiol 159(2):167–173. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00691
Järup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167–182. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032
Kamari A, Pulford ID, Hargreaves JSJ (2011) Chitosan as a potential amendment to remediate metal contaminated soil—A characterisation study. Colloids Surf B 82(1):71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.019
Kushwaha A, Hans N, Kumar S, Rani R (2018) A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of Pb in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.049
Laane HM (2017) The effects of the application of foliar sprays with stabilized silicic acid: an overview of the results from 2003–2014. Silicon 9(6):803–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-016-9466-0
Liang CY, Sun WC, Zhu YG, Christie P (2007) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: A review. Environ Pollut 147(2):422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.008
Ma C, Liu FY, Hu B, Wei MB, Zhao JH, Zhang K, Zhang HZ (2019) Direct evidence of Pb contamination in wheat tissues from atmospheric deposition based on atmospheric deposition exposure contrast tests. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 185:109688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109688
Ma QQ, Haider FU, Farooq M, Adeel M, Shakoor N, Wu J, Xu JY, Xu WW, Luo PJ, Cai LQ (2022) Selenium treated foliage and biochar treated soil for improved lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth in Cd-polluted soil. J Clean Prod 335:130267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130267
Malerba M, Cerana R (2018) Recent advances of chitosan applications in plants. Polymers 10(2):118. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10020118
Needleman H (2004) Lead poisoning. Annu Rev Med 55:209–222. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103653
Ngah WSW, Teong LC, Hanafian M A K, M (2011) Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review. Carbohydr Polym 83(4):1446–1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.004
Puppe D, Sommer M (2018) Chapter one-experiments, uptake mechanisms, and functioning of silicon foliar fertilization—a review focusing on maize, rice, and wheat. Adv Agron 152:1–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2018.07.003
Qiu KY, Xing WQ, Scheckel KG, Cheng YX, Zhao ZS, Ruan XL, Li LP (2016) Temporal and seasonal variations of As, Cd and Pb atmospheric deposition flux in the vicinity of Pb smelters in Jiyuan, China. Atmospheric Pollution Research 7(1):170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.09.003
Shao YY, Yan T, Wang K, Huang SM, Yuan WZ, Qin, F G F( (2020) Soil heavy metal Pb pollution and its stabilization remediation technology. Energy Rep 6:122–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.074
Temmerman LD, Waegeneers N, Ruttens A, Vandermeiren K (2015) Accumulation of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb by bush bean plants. Environ Pollut 199:83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.014
Uraguchi S, Mori S, Kuramata M, Kawasaki A, Arao T, Ishikawa S (2009) Root -to-shoot Cd translocation via the xylem is the major process determining shoot and grain cadmium accumulation in rice. J Exp Bot 60(9):2677–2688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp119
Wang YG, Li B, Zhang XD, Peng N, Mei YX, Liang YX (2017) Low molecular weight chitosan is an effective antifungal agent against Botryosphaeria sp. and preservative agent for pear (Pyrus) fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 95:1135–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.105
Zhou J, Zhang C, Du BY, Fan XJ, Zhou J (2021) Soil and foliar applications of silicon and selenium effects on cadmium accumulation and plant growth by modulation of antioxidant system and Cd translocation: Comparison of soft vs. durum wheat varieties. J Hazard Mater 402:123546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123546
Zong HY, Li KC, Liu S, Song L, Xing RG, Chen XL, Li PC (2017) Improvement in cadmium tolerance of edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) with exogenous application of chitooligosaccharide. Chemosphere 181:92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.024
Zong HY, Liu S, Xing RG, Chen XL, Li PC (2017) Protective effect of chitosan on photosynthesis and antioxidative defense system in edible rape (Brassica rapa L.) in the presence of cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 138:271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.009
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1802604).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xia, C., Bian, J., Meng, X. et al. Effects of the Foliar Application of Water-soluble Chitosan or Na2SiO3 Fertilizer on the Pb Accumulation by a Low-Pb Accumulator Brassica napus Grown on Farmland Surrounding a Working Smelter. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 109, 1081–1087 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03618-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03618-z