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Dietary Beet Molasses Improved the Immune System of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles, TiO2-NPs

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Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate dietary effect of beet molasses on immunity indices of common carp treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles TiO2-NPs. 250 fish were distributed in four treatments containing 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% molasses and fed for 42 days, then fish were exposed to TiO2-NPs during a 14-day. At the end of experiment, hematological, biochemichal and mucusal immunity indices were evaluated. The aboved indices showed a significant difference compare to the control group (p < 0.05). Blood monocyte and lymphocyte in the TiO2-NPs with molasses group was reduced, that means molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs could alleviate the effect of TiO2-NPs. In treatments of TiO2-NPs and molasses combination, molasses was able to reduce the additive effect of monocyte, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs was able to improve the negative effect of TiO2-NPs, so 2% molasses in combination with TiO2-NPs, could neutralized undesirable effect of TiO2-NPs on common carp.

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Acknowledgements

This study was technically and financially supported by the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Thanks to all who contributed to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

    Rouhollah Sheikh Veisi, Aliakbar Hedayati, Mohammad Mazandarani & Ali Jafar Nodeh

  2. Offshore Water Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Chabahar, Iran

    Tahereh Bagheri

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  1. Rouhollah Sheikh Veisi
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  2. Aliakbar Hedayati
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  3. Mohammad Mazandarani
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  4. Ali Jafar Nodeh
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  5. Tahereh Bagheri
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Correspondence to Aliakbar Hedayati.

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Sheikh Veisi, R., Hedayati, A., Mazandarani, M. et al. Dietary Beet Molasses Improved the Immune System of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles, TiO2-NPs. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 108, 969–975 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03507-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03507-5

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