Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs in Chicken Eggs and Soils in Dong Nai Province, Southern Vietnam: Impacts of Raising Methods and Nearby Pollution Sources

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) were examined in chicken egg and soil samples collected from Dong Nai Province, southern Vietnam. PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels in egg samples ranged from 5.74 to 1320 (median 350) and from 120 to 51,200 (median 1470) pg/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. Toxic equivalents to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TEQ) in egg samples ranged from 0.817 to 245 (median 10.8) pg TEQ/g lw. Higher dioxin levels were found in free-range eggs than non-free-range ones. We found significant correlation between TEQ levels in paired egg and soil samples collected from the Bien Hoa Airbase and some communities adjacent to industrial areas (Spearman’s ρ = 0.671; p < 0.05), suggesting the co-occurrence of legacy and current dioxin emission sources in these areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

References

  • Buchert A, Cederberg T, Dyke P, Fiedler H, Furst P, Hanberg A, Hosseinpour J, Hutzinger O, Kuenen JG, Malisch R, Needham LL, Olie K, Papke O, Aranda JR, Thanner G, Umlauf G, Vartiainen T, van Holst C (2001) Dioxin contamination in food. Environ Sci Pollut Res 8:84–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Covaci A, Voorspoels S, Schepens P, Jorens P, Blust R, Neels H (2008) The Belgian PCB/dioxin crisis – 8 years latter an overview. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 25:164–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoang TT, Traag WA, Murk AJ, Hoogenboom RLAP (2014) Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs in free range eggs from Vietnam, including potential health risks. Chemosphere 114:268–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hue NT, Thuy NTT, Long PH, Hai NT, Hai CV, Hue CT, Truong NX, Nguyen HT (2019) Emission of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants from some industrial processes in northern Vietnam. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102:287–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanan S, Samara F (2018) Dioxins and furans: a review from chemical and environmental perspectives. Trends Environ Anal Chem 17:1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kudryavtseva AD, Shelepchikov AA, Brodsky ES (2020) Free-range chicken eggs as a bioindicator of dioxin contamination in Vietnam, including long-term Agent Orange impact. Emerg Contam 6:114–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loganathan BG, Masunaga S (2020) Chapter 18 PCBs, dioxins, and furans: human exposure and health effects. In: Gupta RC (ed) Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents (Third Edition). Academic Press, pp. 267–278

  • Mai TA, Doan TV, Tarradellas J, de Alencastro LF, Grandjean D (2007) Dioxin contamination in soils of Southern Vietnam. Chemosphere 67:1802–1807

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malisch R, Kotz A (2014) Dioxins and PCBs in feed and food – review from European pespective. Sci Total Environ 491–492:2–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal PK (2005) Dioxin: a review of its environmental effects and its aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology. J Comp Physiol B 175:221–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minh TB, Iwata H, Takahashi S, Viet PH, Tuyen BC, Tanabe S (2008) Persistent organic pollutants in Vietnam: environmental contamination and human exposure. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 193:213–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minh NH, Anh DH, Tri TM, Anh HQ, Mai PTN, Nam VD, Viet PH, Minh TB (2016) Chapter 3 Persistent Toxic Substances in Vietnam: A Review of Environmental Contamination and Human Exposure. In: In: Loganathan BG, Khim JS, Kodavanti PRS, Masunaga S (eds) Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries I Contamination Status. American Chemical Society Publications, Washington, D.C., pp 55–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Minh NH, Tran TM, Hue NTM, Minh TB, Tuyet-Hanh TT (2019) Bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs near Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbases: assessment on sources and distribution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:28852–28859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Nutrition (2011) http://viendinhduong.vn/vi/so-lieu-thong-ke/tinh-hinh-dinh-duong-viet-nam-nam-2009---2010.html. Accessed 21 November 2020

  • Olanca B (2017) Chapter 46 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chicken Eggs. In: In: Hester PY (ed) Egg Innovations and Strategies for Improvements. Academic Press, pp 485–498

  • Pajurek M, Pietron W, Maszewski S, Mikolajczyk S, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J (2019) Poultry eggs as a source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs. Chemosphere 223:651–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham MTN, Anh HQ, Nghiem XT, Tu BM, Dao TN, Nguyen MH (2019a) Characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in flue gas from thermal industrial processes in Vietnam: A comprehensive investigation on emission profiles and levels. Chemosphere 225:238–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pham MTN, Hoang AQ, Nghiem XT, Tu BM, Dao TN, Vu DN (2019b) Residue concentrations and profiles of PCDD/Fs in ash samples from multiple thermal industrial processes in Vietnam: formation, emission levels, and risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:17719–17730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuler F, Schmid P, Schlatter C (1997) The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from soil into eggs of foraging chicken. Chemosphere 34:711–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Squadrone S, Brizio P, Nespoli R, Stella C, Abete MC (2015) Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy. Environ Pollut 206:429–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srogi K (2008) Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in environmental and human samples: a review. Environ Chem Lett 6:1–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Travis CC, Hattemer-Frey HA (1991) Human exposure to dioxin. Sci Total Environ 104:97–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuyet-Hanh TT, Minh NH, Vu-Anh L, Dunne M, Toms LM, Tenkate T, Thi MHN, Harden F (2015) Environmental health risk assessment of dioxin in foods at the two most severe dioxin hot spots in Vietnam. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:471–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2007) Method 8290A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-01/documents/sw846method8290a.pdf. Accessed 11 November 2019

  • US EPA (2008) Method 1668B Chlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids, and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P1005EUE.TXT. Accessed 11 November 2019

  • US EPA (2017) Update for Chapter 5 of the Exposure Factors Handbook Soil and Dust Ingestion. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-01/documents/efh-chapter05_2017.pdf. Accessed 21 November 2020

  • Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, Hakansson H, Hanberg A, Haws L, Rose M, Safe S, Schrenk D, Tohyama C, Tritscher A, Tuomisto J, Tysklind M, Walker N, Peterson RE (2006) The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci 3:223–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Leeuwen FX, Feeley M, Schrenk D, Larsen JC, Farland W, Younes M (2010) Dioxins: WHO’s tolerable daily intake (TDI) revisited. Chemosphere 40:1095–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber R, Tysklind M, Gaus C (2008a) Dioxin – contemporary and future challenges of historical legacies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 15:96–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber R, Gaus C, Tysklind M, Johnston P, Forter M, Hollert H, Heinisch E, Holoubek I, Lloyd-Smith M, Masunaga S, Moccarelli P, Santillo D, Seike N, Symons R, Torres JPM, Verta M, Varbelow G, Vijgen J, Watson A, Costner P, Woelz J, Wycisk P, Zennegg M (2008b) Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res 15:363–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber R, Herold C, Hollert H, Kamphues J, Blepp M, Ballschmiter K (2018) Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management. Environ Sci Eur 30:42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegiel M, Chrzaszcz R, Maslanka A, Grochowalski A (2018) Seasonal variations of PCDD/Fs congeners in air, soil and eggs from a Polish small-scale farm. Chemosphere 199:89–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimura T (2003) Yusho in Japan. Ind Health 41:139–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center, Ministry of Defense, Nguyen Van Huyen, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Truong Xuan Nghiem, Thang Duc Nguyen, Thu Thi Nguyen, Phien Dinh Tran & Tuan Thanh Nguyen

  2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, 790-8566, Matsuyama, Japan

    Anh Quoc Hoang

  3. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Minh Binh Tu

Authors
  1. Truong Xuan Nghiem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anh Quoc Hoang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thang Duc Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thu Thi Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Phien Dinh Tran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Tuan Thanh Nguyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Minh Binh Tu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Truong Xuan Nghiem, Anh Quoc Hoang, Thang Duc Nguyen, Thu Thi Nguyen, Phien Dinh Tran, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, and Minh Binh Tu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Truong Xuan Nghiem and Anh Quoc Hoang and revised by Minh Binh Tu. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anh Quoc Hoang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

For submission to: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Springer).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nghiem, T.X., Hoang, A.Q., Nguyen, T.D. et al. PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs in Chicken Eggs and Soils in Dong Nai Province, Southern Vietnam: Impacts of Raising Methods and Nearby Pollution Sources. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 108, 136–144 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03419-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03419-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation