Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of manure application on net nitrification rates (NNRs), heavy metal concentrations (HMCs), and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)/bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in soil. HMCs were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Abundance of AOA, AOB, and NOB was enumerated by q-PCR. NNRs ranged from 2.8 to 14.7 mg kg−1 h−1 and were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in manure soils as compared to control soils. NNRs were affected by pH 7 and temperature 30°C. Cd, Fe and Pb concentrations were classified as excessively polluted, moderate contamination and slight pollution, respectively, in the manure soils. NNRs and concentrations of Fe and Pb were significantly (p < 0.00) positive correlated, but Cu and Cd were significantly (p < 0.00) negative correlated with NNRs. Application of manure significantly (p < 0.05) increased HMCs (Fe, Cu, and Pb), which have indirect and direct effects on NNRs and nitrifying bacteria.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thankful to Dr. Md. Mashiur Rahman, Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, Jessore Science University and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh for the analysis of heavy metal concentrations. The authors thank the University Grant Commission (UGC) Bangladesh and Islamic University, Kushtia-7003 (141/Edu/IU-2019/331) and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangladesh (390000000090602419/ES-373) for partial funding.
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Ali, M.M., Khanom, A., Nahar, K. et al. Effect of Manure Application on Net Nitrification Rates, Heavy Metal Concentrations and Nitrifying Archaea/Bacteria in Soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 106, 707–713 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03112-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03112-y