Abstract
We utilized lead (Pb) stable isotopes to identify the source of acute Pb poisoning in a Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) and evaluated overall Pb exposure. Upon necropsy, we obtained samples of blood, liver, kidney, heart, thigh, breast, femur, and metallic objects (i.e., fishing sinker, spring and swivels) from the gizzard for Pb isotopic analysis. Pb isotope ratios of blood and soft tissues were essentially identical to the Pb ratios of the sinker, the likely source of acute poisoning. The spring and swivels had lower Pb content and ratios distinct from tissue, suggesting no significant contribution to poisoning. Femur Pb isotopic composition was the most distinct biological sample and indicative of a combination of sources. These results demonstrate isotopic analysis as a viable method for determining the source of acute Pb poisoning, and that Pb isotope ratios in bone most likely record a lifetime-averaged metric of Pb exposure.
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Acknowledgements
This study was self-funded by the WSLH with integral cooperation of the DCHS Wildlife Center. This manuscript was greatly benefited by the comments of three anonymous reviewers.
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Gorski, P.R., Scott, S.R. & Lemley, E.M. Application of Stable Isotopic Ratio Analysis to Identify the Cause of Acute Versus Chronic Lead Poisoning of a Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus): A Case Study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 106, 250–256 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03064-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03064-9