Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ), pyraclostrobin (PYR) and coumoxystrobin (COU) exert negative impacts on Chlorella vulgaris. Thus, in this study, C. vulgaris was used to assess the respiratory toxicity of AZ, PYR and COU by determining the acute toxicity, complex III activity and ATP viability. The 96 h-EC50 values of AZ, PYR and COU for C. vulgaris were 1.85, 2.21 and 1.62 mg/L, respectively. AZ, PYR and COU exerted significant effects on complex III activity and ATP viability after exposure to 0.71, 1.01 and 1.08 mg/L of the fungicides. The binding potentials of AZ, PYR and COU toward ubiquinone were − 10.44, − 9.31 and − 12.98 kcal/mol, respectively, which had adverse effects on amino acids. These results provided new insight into the potential acute respiratory toxicity mechanisms of these strobilurin fungicides in algae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Ban K, Kozar RA (2011) Glutamine protects against apoptosis via downregulation of Sp3 in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 299(6):G1344–G1353
Berenzen N, Lentzen-Godding A, Probst M, Schulz H, Schulz R, Liess M (2005) A comparison of predicted and measured levels of runoff-related pesticide concentrations in small lowland streams on a landscape level. Chemistry 58:683–691
Cavalcante AAM, de Vasconcelos PRL (2015) Enteral nutrition supplemented with l-glutamine in patients with sepsis. In: Rajendram R, Preedy V, Patel V (eds) Glutamine in clinical nutrition. Nutrition and health. Humana Press, New York, NY, pp 169–179
Cui F, Chai T, Liu X, Wang C (2017) Toxicity of three strobilurins (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) on Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem 36:182–189
Esser L, Quinn B, Li F, Zhang M, Elberry M, Yu L, Yu C, Xia D (2004) Crystallographic studies of quinol oxidation site inhibitors: a modified classification of inhibitors for the cytochrome bc(1) complex. J Mol Biol 341:281–302
Fernández-Checa JC, Kaplowitz N, García-Ruiz C, Colell A (1998) Mitochondrial glutathione: importance and transport. Semin Liver Dis 18:389–401
Gao AH, Fu YY, Zhang KZ, Zhang M, Fan L, Nan F, Yuan C, Li J, Li J (2014) Azoxystrobin, a mitochondrial complex III Qo site inhibitor, exerts beneficial metabolic effects in vivo and in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1840:2212–2221
Hnatova MG, Obernauerova M, Subikova V, Subik J (2003) Cross-resistance to strobilurin fungicides in mitochondrial and nuclear mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Folia Microbiol 48(4):496–500
Kato N, Sato S, Yamanaka A, Yamada H, Fuwa N, Nomura M (1998) Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62:145–147
Leist M, Single B, Castoldi AF, Kuhnle S, Nicotera P (1997) Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis. J Exp Med 185:1481–1486
Li H, Liu M, Yang Y, Shi H, Zhou J, He D (2018) Developmental toxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity induced by three strobilurins (pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin) in zebrafish embryos. Chemistry 207:781–790
Liess M (2005) Analyzing effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities in streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:954–965
Liu X, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Wang C, Li X, Pang S (2018) Acute toxicity and associated mechanisms of four strobilurins in algae. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 60:12–16
Lu B (2018) Azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin dominate the market of Strobilurin fungicides. Shangdong Pesticide News 4:24–30
Lu T, Zhu Y, Xu J (2018) Evaluation of the toxic response induced by azoxystrobin in the non-target green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Environ Pollut 234:379–388
Lv X, Pan L, Wang J (2017) Effects of triazole fungicides on androgenic disruption and CYP3A4 enzyme activity. Environ Pollut 222:504–512
Ochoa-Acuna HG, Bialkowski W, Gowri Y, Hahn L (2009) Toxicity of soybean rust fungicides to freshwater algae and Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology 18:440–446
Qi S, Wang C (2013) Toxicity assessments with Daphnia magna of Guadipyr, a new neonicotinoid insecticide and studies of its effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and chitobiaseactivities. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 98:339–344
Reilly TJ, Smalling K, Orlando J, Kuivila K (2012) Occurrence of boscalid and other selected fungicides in surface water and groundwater in three targeted use areas in the United States. Chemistry 89:228–234
Rodrigues ET, Lopes I, Pardal MA (2013) Occurrence, fate and effects of azoxystrobin in aquatic ecosystems: a review. Environ Int 53:18–28
SAC (2017) Chinese National Standard ICS 65.020.01.14-2017 of test guideline on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides
Teodoro G, Aylin A, Erdemli O (2011) The effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide supplemented total parenteral nutrition on infectious morbidity and insulin sensitivity in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 39:1263–1268
Wightwick AM, Bui A, Zhang P, Gavin R (2012) Environmental fate of fungicides in surface waters of a horticultural-production catchment in southeastern Australia. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 62:380–390
Willke T (2014) Methionine production – a critical review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:9893–9914
Acknowledgements
The project of this research is supported by the Key Projects funds from Liaoning Education Department (Serial Number: 01032017004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, K., Sun, Z., Yang, L. et al. Respiratory Toxicity of Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin and Coumoxystrobin on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 104, 799–803 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02869-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02869-y