Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance in seven ornamental willow genotypes were investigated at different Cd levels (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) through hydroponic culture in a greenhouse. Severe phytotoxic symptoms in leaves and roots including leaf chlorosis and root browning were noticed when grown at ≥ 50 µM Cd. All genotypes showed high tolerance to low Cd levels (5 µM and 25 µM Cd), in contrast to high Cd levels (i.e. 50 µM and 100 µM) that severely disturbed plant growth of all genotypes. Cadmium concentrations reached 165.0–1251.0 µg g−1 DW in leaves, 22.9–331.2 µg g−1 in stems among the genotypes at 5–25 µM Cd, and Cd mainly accumulated in the roots. Although willow tissues can accumulate relatively high Cd concentrations under high Cd levels (≥ 50 µM), they are not suitable for phytoextraction of Cd due to poor growth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cosio C, Vollenweider P, Keller C (2006) Localization and effects of cadmium in leaves of a cadmium-tolerant willow (Salix viminalis L.) I. Macrolocalization and phytotoxic effects of cadmium. Environ Exp Bot 58:64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.06.017
Dos Santos Utmazian MN, Wieshammer G, Vega R, Wenzel WW (2007) Hydroponic screening for metal resistance and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in twenty clones of willows and poplars. Environ Pollut 148:155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.045
Ghnaya T, Nouairi I, Slama I, Messedi D, Grignonc C, Abdelly C, Ghorbel MH (2005) Cadmium effects on growth and mineral nutrition of two halophytes: Sesuvium portulacastrum and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. J Plant Physiol 162:1133–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.11.011
Karp A, Hanley SJ, Trybush SO, Macalpine W, Pei M, Shield I (2011) Genetic improvement of willow for bioenergy and biofuels. J Integr Plant Biol 53:151–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.01015.x
Krantev A, Yordanova R, Janda T, Szalai G, Popova L (2008) Treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effect of cadmium on photosynthesis in maize plants. J Plant Physiol 165:920–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.11.014
Kuzovkina Y, Quigley MF (2004) Selection of willows for floral and stem quality and continuous production sequence in temperate North America. HortTechnology 14:415–419
Kuzovkina YA, Volk TA (2009) The characterization of willow (Salix L.) varieties for use in ecological engineering applications: co-ordination of structure, function and autecology. Ecol Eng 35:1178–1189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.010
Kuzovkina YA, Knee M, Quigley MF (2004) Cadmium and copper uptake and translocation in five willow (Salix L.) species. Int J Phytorem 6:269–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/16226510490496726
Liu J-N, Zhou Q-X, Sun T, Ma LQ, Wang S (2008) Growth responses of three ornamental plants to Cd and Cd–Pb stress and their metal accumulation characteristics. J Hazard Mater 151:261–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.016
Lux A, Šottníkova A, Opatrná J, Greger M (2004) Differences in structure of adventitious roots in Salix clones with contrasting characteristics of cadmium accumulation and sensitivity. Physiol Plant 120:537–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0275.x
Moran R (1982) Formulae for determination of chlorophyllous pigments extracted with N,N-dimethylformamide. Plant Physiol 69:1376–1381
Pietrini F, Zacchini M, Iori V, Pietrosanti L, Ferretti M, Massacci A (2010) Spatial distribution of cadmium in leaves and its impact on photosynthesis: examples of different strategies in willow and poplar clones. Plant Biol 12:355–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00258.x
Popova LP, Maslenkova LT, Yordanova RY, Ivanova AP, Krantev AP, Szalai G, Janda T (2009) Exogenous treatment with salicylic acid attenuates cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 47:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.007
Pulford I, Watson C (2003) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees—a review. Environ Int 29:529–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00152-6
Watson C, Pulford I, Riddell-Black D (2003) Development of a hydroponic screening technique to assess heavy metal resistance in willow (Salix). Int J Phytorem 5:333–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510309359041
Zacchini M, Pietrini F, Mugnozza GS, Iori V, Pietrosanti L, Massacci A (2009) Metal tolerance, accumulation and translocation in poplar and willow clones treated with cadmium in hydroponics. Water Air Soil Pollut 197:23–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9788-7
Zhang X, Zhang S, Xu X, Li T, Gong G, Jia Y, Li Y (2010) Tolerance and accumulation characteristics of cadmium Amaranthus hybridus L. J Hazard Mater 180:303–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.031
Zhivotovsky OP, Kuzovkina JA, Schulthess CP, Morris T, Pettinelli D, Ge M (2010) Hydroponic screening of willows (Salix L.) for lead tolerance and accumulation. Int J Phytorem 13:75–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226511003671361
Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31100513), the Key International Cooperative Project of CN-USA (Grant No. 2010DFB33960), the Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2012C10003), the Key project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAC17B02) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We are thankful to Zhang Huaxian for her excellent technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, W., Wu, F., Ding, Z. et al. Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance in Seven Ornamental Willow Genotypes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101, 644–650 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2434-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2434-1