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Toxicopathic Branchial Lesions in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos

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Abstract

Present investigation aimed to assess the alterations in branchial architecture of Ctenopharyngodon idellus exposed to chlorpyrifos. 96 h LC50 of chlorpyrifos to C. idellus was found to be 7.24 µg/L. Fish were exposed chronically to 2.41 and 1.44 µg/L sublethal concentrations (ecologically relevant concentrations) of chlorpyrifos for 15, 30 and 60 days. The gills of the CPF exposed fish showed partially affected secondary lamellae with shortening and curling, increased inter-lamellar space, sloughed off epithelium, hyperplasia and necrosis of pavement cells. On 60 days exposure, more pronounced degenerative changes, including severe necrosis, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pavement cells, eroded and uplifted lamellar epithelium were noticed. Ultrastructural alterations include distorted nucleus and mitochondria in pavement cells, marked contraction in cisternae of golgi complex. Particularly in chloride cells, abundant mitochondria with distorted shape and size, dilation in between their cristae and tubular network were observed. The severity of damage was more profound at 60 days exposure. Thus, the observed cytopathological lesions of fish gills can be used as sensitive biomarkers for pesticide contamination.

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Abbreviations

LC50:

50% Lethal concentration

CPF:

Chlorpyrifos

OP:

Organophosphate

GC:

Gas chromatography

IAEC:

Institutional Animal Ethical Committee

AIIMS:

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

PBS:

Phosphate buffer solution

PVC:

Pavement cells

MRC:

Mitochondrial rich cells

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Chairperson, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh for providing necessary research facility, AIIMS, New Delhi for TEM analyses and to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for providing financial assistance to Mandeep Kaur to carry out this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fish and Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Mandeep Kaur & Rajinder Jindal

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  1. Mandeep Kaur
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  2. Rajinder Jindal
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Correspondence to Mandeep Kaur.

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Kaur, M., Jindal, R. Toxicopathic Branchial Lesions in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 100, 665–671 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2320-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2320-x

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