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Uptake of 2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) from Hydroponic Media

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology volume 96, pages 550–555 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine (prometryn) poses a risk to aquatic environments in several countries, including China, where its use is widespread, particularly due to its chemical stability and biological toxicity. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) was tested for its potential for phytoremediation of prometryn. Vetiver grass was grown in hydroponic media in a greenhouse, in the presence of prometryn, with appropriate controls. Plant uptake and removal of prometryn from the media were monitored for a period of 67 days. The results showed that the removal of the prometryn in the media was expedited by vetiver grass. The removal half-life (t1/2) was shortened by 11.5 days. Prometryn removal followed first-order kinetics (Ct = 1.8070e−0.0601t). This study demonstrated the potential of vetiver grass for the phytoremediation for prometryn.

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Abbreviations

USEPA:

United States Environment Protection Agency

GC-NCD:

Gas Chromatograph-Nitrogen Chemiluminescence detection

TF:

Transfer coefficient = Concentration in shoot/Concentration in root

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China (No. NSFC31460551, NSFC41461059, NSFC41563014). The authors thank Dr. Wei Zhou and Dr Rui Shi (SWFU, P.R.China) for their help. Dr Michael A. Fullen (UoW, UK) for linguistic modification. The tobacco inspection laboratory (Yunnan Administration for Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine, P.R.China) for providing GC-NCD.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, People’s Republic of China

      S. X. Sun, Y. Zheng & Y. Hua

    2. Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People’s Republic of China

      S. X. Sun, Y. M. Li & Y. Zheng

    3. Biological Sciences Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA

      R. Datta

    4. Yunnan Import and Export Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Kunming, 650228, People’s Republic of China

      Y. M. Dan & P. Lv

    5. Earth and Environmental Studies Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA

      D. Sarkar

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    Correspondence to Y. Zheng.

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    Y. Zheng and R. Datta contributed equally to this work.

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    Sun, S.X., Li, Y.M., Zheng, Y. et al. Uptake of 2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) from Hydroponic Media. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 96, 550–555 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1737-3

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1737-3

    Keywords

    • Vetiver grass
    • Prometryn
    • Phytoremediation
    • Hydroponic study

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