Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMFu) is a substance with remarkable hygroscopicity and fungicidal power, which has recently showed to be a strong sensitizer to humans. The use of DMFu in little desiccant pouches, for e.g. in handbags or footwear boxes, might result in the contamination of leather products, with the subsequent exposure to consumers by contact. In 2009, 153 samples of desiccant material were collected from leather manufactures all over Italy and analyzed for DMFu. Results proved to fall in a wide range (0.14–7145 mg/kg).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Commission Decision (2010/153/EC) of 11 March 2010 prolonging the validity of Decision 2009/251/EC. Official J L63, 12/03/2010
Commission Decision of 17 March 2009 requiring the Member States to ensure that products containing the biocide DMF are not placed on the market (2009/251/EC). Official J L74, 20/03/2009
Davanzo F, Settimi L, Stefanelli P, Bartolini G, Barciocco D, Sesana F, Borghini R, Panzavolta G, Fonda A (2010) A case of contact dermatitis to dimethylfumarate in shoes identified in Italy. Ann Ist Sup Sanita 46(4):366–369
Directive 1998/8/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Official J L123, 24/04/1998
Foti C, Zambonin CG, Cassano N, Aresta A, Damascelli A, Ferrara F, Vena GA (2009) Occupational allergic contact dermatitis associated with dimethyl fumarate in clothing. Contact Dermat 61:122–124
Gimenéz-Arnau A, Silvestre JF, Mercader P, De la Cuadra J, Ballester I, Gallardo F, Pujol RM, Zimerson E, Bruze M (2009) Shoe contact dermatitis from dimethyl fumarate: clinical manifestations, patch test results, chemical analysis, and source of exposure. Contact Dermat 61(5):249–260
Lamas J, Sanchez-Padro L, Garcia-Jares C, Llompart M (2009) Determination of dimethyl fumarate in dessicant and mouldproof agents using ultrasound assisted extraction gas chromatography with electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 1216:5755–5758
Lammintausta K, Zimerson E, Hasan T, Susitaival P, Winhoven S, Gruvberger B, Beck M, Williams JD, Bruze M (2010a) An epidemic of furniture-related dermatitis: searching for a cause. Br J Dermatol 162(1):108–116
Lammintausta K, Zimerson E, Winhoven S, Susitaival P, Hasan T, Gruvberger B, Williams J, Beck M, Bruze M (2010b) Sensitization to dimethyl fumarate with multiple concurrent patch test reactions. Contact Dermat 62:88–96
Rostami YM, Mrowietz U (2008) Fumaric acid esters. Clin Dermatol 26(5):522–526
SANCO/10684/2009 Method validation and quality control procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed
Silvestre JF, Mercander P, Giménez-Arnau AM (2010) Contact dermatitis due to dimethyl fumarate. Acta Dermosifiliogr 101(3):217–222
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Dr. L. Cataldi (CSC-ISS, Rome, Italy) for the English grammar revision.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stefanelli, P., Girolimetti, S., Santilio, A. et al. Survey of Dimethyl Fumarate in Desiccant Products During 2009 in Italy. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 86, 428–432 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0230-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0230-2