Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the potential for dietary uptake by trophic transfer using the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the substantially more hydrophobic dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) utilizing the amphipods Leptocheirus plumulosus as prey and the fish Cyprinodon variegatus as predator. Bioaccumulation did not change significantly over time for TNT but apparent steady-state was not reached for DDT at exposure termination after 7 days of dietary exposure. The bioaccumulation factor was 0.09 mg/mg for TNT and 0.34 mg/mg for DDT, confirming the low potential of TNT to bioaccumulate in fish.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Belden JB, Lotufo GR, Lydy MJ (2005a) Accumulation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and aquatic oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus). Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1962–1967
Belden JB, Ownby DR, Lotufo GR, Lydy MJ (2005b) Accumulation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aquatic organisms: part 2—bioconcentration in aquatic invertebrates and potential for trophic transfer to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Chemosphere 58:1161–1168
Fisk AT, Norstrom RJ, Cymbalisty CD, Muir DG (1998) Dietary accumulation and depuration of hydrophobic organochlorines-bioaccumulation parameters and their relationship with the octanol/water partition coefficient. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:951–961
Hellou J, Leonard J, Anstey C (2002) Dietary exposure of finfish to aromatic contaminants and tissue distribution. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 42:470–476
Houston JG, Lotufo GR (2005) Dietary exposure of fathead minnows to the explosives TNT and RDX and to the pesticide DDT using contaminated invertebrates. Int J Environ Res 2:286–292
Johnson MS, Franke LS, Lee RB, Holladay SD (1999) Bioaccumulation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and polychlorinated biphenyls through two routes of exposure in a terrestrial amphibian: is the dermal route significant? Environ Toxicol Chem 18:873–878
Lotufo GR, Lydy MJ, Rorrer GL, Cruz-Uribe O, Cheney DP (2009) Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and biotransformation of explosives and related compounds in aquatic organisms. In: Sunahara GI, Lotufo GR, Kuperman RG, Hawari J (eds) Ecotoxicology of explosives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 136
Meylan WM, Howard PH, Boethling RS, Aronson D, Printup H, Gouchie S (1999) Improved method for estimating bioconcentration/bioaccumulation factor from octanol/water partition coefficient. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:664–672
Ownby DR, Belden JB, Lotufo GR, Lydy MJ (2005) Accumulation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aquatic organisms: part 1—Bioconcentration and distribution in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Chemosphere 58:1153–1159
Rosen G, Lotufo GR (2005) Toxicity and fate of two munitions constituents in spiked sediment exposures with the marine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:2887–2897
Rosen G, Lotufo GR (2007) Bioaccumulation of explosive compounds in the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovicialis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 68:237–245
Acknowledgements
The US Navy’s Pollution Abatement Ashore Environmental Sustainability Development to Integration Program and the Environmental Quality Technology Research Program of the US Army supported this research. Permission to publish this study was granted by the Chief of Naval Operations (N456) and the Chief of Engineers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lotufo, G.R., Blackburn, W.M. Bioaccumulation of TNT and DDT in Sheepshead Minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus L., Following Feeding of Contaminated Invertebrates. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84, 545–549 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-9978-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-9978-z