Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Water of Hanoi, Vietnam Using Multivariate Analyses

  • Published:
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Concentrations of heavy metals in water of the Nhue River (a suburban/rural river) and one of its tributaries, the To Lich River (an urban river), in Hanoi, Vietnam had been monitored, and spatial and seasonal variations in their composition were evaluated by means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Heavy metal concentrations in water of the two rivers were generally lower than the surface water quality standard in Vietnam, except for manganese in several sites, although they were higher than the median values in freshwater of the world by 0.42–43 times in Nhue and 0.13–32 times in To Lich. The two multivariate analyses represented that the composition of heavy metals in river water of To Lich was distinctly different from that of Nhue. It was also suggested that metal concentrations and their composition in Nhue river water would be affected by inflowing water of To Lich and wastewater discharged from the up- and middle-stream basin, and that they gradually recovered along the direction of water flow in the downstream area in rainy season.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bowen HJM (1979) Environmental chemistry of the elements. Academic Press, London, p 333

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayakari S (2006) Excel add-in factory “Hayakari” (for offers of free soft wares for statistics and climate analysis). http://www.jomon.ne.jp/~hayakari/index.html (in Japanese)

  • Ho TLT, Egashira K (2000) Heavy metal characterization of river sediment in Hanoi, Vietnam. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 31:2901–2916

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishigaki T, Chieu LV (2003) Current situation on the technology of wastewater treatment in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Water Waste 45:975–979 in Japanese

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan Environmental Sanitation Center (2005) Material flows of toxic substances. http://www.jesc.or.jp/environmentS/report/study/pdf/01-06.pdf (in Japanese)

  • JICA (2000b) The study on environmental improvement for Hanoi City in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, technology transfer report. Tokyo, Japan

  • JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) (2000a) The study on environmental improvement for Hanoi City in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, final report, main report. Vol. 1. Introduction and current environmental conditions. Tokyo, Japan

  • Nguyen TLH, Ohtsubo M, Li LY, Higashi T (2007) Heavy metal pollution of the To-Lich and Kim-Nguu River in Hanoi City and the industrial source of the pollutants. J Fac Agr Kyushu Univ 52:141–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saeki K, Okazaki M (1993) Heavy metal accumulations in a semi-enclosed hypereutrophic system: Lake Teganuma, Japan. Part 1. Heavy metal concentrations in lake water and inflow rivers. Water Air Soil Pollut 69:69–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • VEPA (Vietnam Environment Protection Agency) (2006) Environment report of Vietnam, 2006. The current state of water environment in 3 river basins of Cau, Nhue—Day and Dong Nai River System. http://www.nea.gov.vn/PDF_Soe2006_VN/HTMT_Tongquan06.htm

  • Wilbur S, Soffey E, McCurdy E (2004) Analysis of high matrix environmental samples with the Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS with enhanced ORS technology. Agilent Technologies, publication 5989-0915EN

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Tran Van Nhan, the director of INEST, for his cooperation in this survey. We are also very grateful to Ms. Tran La Minh and Mr. Ha Vinh Hung in INEST, Mr. Haruki Sagami in Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meisei University and Mr. Kazuo Taku in ACER for their assistance in sampling works and chemical analyses.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Takuma Furuichi

    Present address: Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Asian Center for Environmental Research (ACER), Meisei University, 2-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo, 191-8506, Japan

    Tetsuro Kikuchi, Takuma Furuichi & Shuzo Tanaka

  2. Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (INEST), Hanoi University of Technology, 301, C10, 1, Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Huynh Trung Hai

Authors
  1. Tetsuro Kikuchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Takuma Furuichi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huynh Trung Hai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shuzo Tanaka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tetsuro Kikuchi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kikuchi, T., Furuichi, T., Hai, H.T. et al. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Water of Hanoi, Vietnam Using Multivariate Analyses. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 83, 575–582 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9815-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9815-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation