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Comparing two measures of neighborhood quality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the adolescent brain cognitive development study

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Abstract

Purpose

There is widespread recognition of the importance and complexity of measuring neighborhood contexts within research on child psychopathology. In this study, we assessed the cross-sectional associations between two measures of neighborhood quality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in preadolescence.

Methods

Drawing on baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (n = 10,577 preadolescents), we examined two multi-component assessments of neighborhood quality in relation to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms: the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), which measures socioeconomic adversity, and the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI), which measures economic, educational, and environmental opportunity. Both measures were categorized into quintiles. We then used mixed-effects linear regression models to examine bivariate and adjusted associations.

Results

The bivariate associations displayed strong inverse associations between the COI and ADI and externalizing symptoms, with a graded pattern of fewer externalizing behaviors with increasing neighborhood quality. Only the ADI was associated with externalizing behaviors in models adjusted for child and family characteristics. We did not observe a clear association between either measure of neighborhood quality and internalizing behaviors in bivariate or adjusted models.

Conclusions

Neighborhood quality, as measured by the COI and ADI, was associated with externalizing behaviors in preadolescent children. The association using the ADI persisted after adjustment for family-level characteristics, including financial strain. Our results indicate that different assessments of neighborhood quality display distinct associations with preadolescent behavioral health. Future research is needed to assess the association between neighborhood quality and behavior trajectories and to identify place-based intervention strategies.

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Data availability

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an open-access database and can be accessed at https://abcdstudy.org, held in the NIMH Data Archive. Data can be accessed following a data request to the NIH data access committee (https://nda.nih.gov/), which should include information on the planned topic of study. The following data sets were generated under NIMH Data Archive: Comparing two measures of neighborhood quality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study #2214 (https1015154/xd5b-7z89).

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Acknowledgements

Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the ABCD Study (https://abcdstudy.org) held in the NDA. This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children ages 9–10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD study is supported by the National Institutes of Health and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA041025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U24DA041123 and U24DA041147. A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/consortium_members/. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data, but did not necessarily participate in the analysis or writing of this report. Most ABCD research sites rely on a central Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of California, San Diego, for the ethical review and approval of the research protocol, with a few sites obtaining local IRB approval. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, the US federal government or ABCD consortium investigators. The ABCD data repository grows and changes over time. The ABCD data used in this report came from DOI 1015154/1523041. DOIs can be found at https://nda.nih.gov/abcd/abcd-annual-releases.html. Additional support for this work was made possible from NIEHS R01-ES032295 and R01-ES031074.

Funding

The project described was supported by award numbers T32GM007753 and T32GM144273 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, award R01AG066793 from the National Investigation Agency, award R01ES034373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, award T32MH017119 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and award P3036220 from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institutes of Health, the National Investigation Agency, or the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Support for this research was also provided by the CZI/Silicon Valley Community Foundation to the Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

    Logan Beyer, Ryan Keen, Karen A. Ertel, Sakurako S. Okuzono, Scott Delaney & Natalie Slopen

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Logan Beyer

  3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA

    Karen A. Ertel

  4. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

    Kedie Pintro

  5. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA

    Scott Delaney

  6. Center On the Developing Child, Harvard University, Boston, USA

    Natalie Slopen

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Contributions

LB and NS conceived and designed the analysis. KAE, KP, SD, RK, and SSO provided feedback on the analysis plan, and both SD and SSO contributed R code to support the analysis. Analyses were conducted by LB and were independently reviewed by RK. LB wrote the paper with significant input from NS. LB created all tables and figures, except Figure 2, which was created by NS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Logan Beyer.

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Beyer, L., Keen, R., Ertel, K.A. et al. Comparing two measures of neighborhood quality and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the adolescent brain cognitive development study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-024-02614-4

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