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Ecological momentary interventions for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background and objectives

Tobacco use is an important cause of preventable mortality and morbidity worldwide. Only 7% of smokers successfully quit annually, despite numerous evidence-based smoking cessation treatments. An important reason for failure is barriers to accessing appropriate smoking cessation interventions, which can be minimized by technology-delivered interventions, such as ecological momentary interventions. Ecological momentary interventions provide the right type and intensity of treatment in real time, based on ecological momentary assessments of relevant variables. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ecological momentary interventions in smoking cessation.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, psychINFO, and ProQuest without applying any filters on 19 September, 2022. One author screened search results for obvious irrelevant and duplicate studies. The remaining studies were independently reviewed by two authors to exclude irrelevant studies, and then they extracted data from the included studies. We collated study findings, transformed data into a common rubric, and calculated a weighted treatment effect across studies using Review Manager 5.

Findings

We analyzed 10 studies with a total of 2391 participants. Assessment methods included exhaled CO analyzers, bidirectional SMS, data input in apps, and hand movement detection. Interventions were based on acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Smoking abstinence was significantly higher in participants of intervention groups compared to control groups (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44, P = 0.004; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Ecological momentary intervention is a novel area of research in behavioral science. The results of this systematic review based on the available literature suggest that these interventions could be beneficial for smoking cessation.

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Funding

This review received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemat Highway, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14535, Iran

    Shayan Eghdami

  2. Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid R. Ahmadkhaniha & Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh

  3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid R. Baradaran

  4. Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

    Hamid R. Baradaran

  5. Hirbod Psychiatric and Psychologic Club (BAVAR), Tehran, Iran

    Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh

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  1. Shayan Eghdami
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  3. Hamid R. Baradaran
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  4. Armin Hirbod-Mobarakeh
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Contributions

HRA designed the study, HRB wrote the protocol and developed the search strategy with HRA. SE conducted literature searches and provided summaries of previous research studies. SE and AHM screened studies based on the inclusion criteria and extracted data from included studies. HRA was consulted in case of disagreements in including studies. SE and AHM conducted the statistical analysis, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shayan Eghdami.

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There is no ethical problem (approved by the research ethics committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences) or conflict of interest in our research. There was not any honorarium, grant, or other form of payment to the authors to produce the manuscript.

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Eghdami, S., Ahmadkhaniha, H.R., Baradaran, H.R. et al. Ecological momentary interventions for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 58, 1431–1445 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02503-2

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