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Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review

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Abstract

Purpose

Parenting practices represent important and modifiable factors for health and wellbeing in children and adolescents; however, strength and quality of studies examining relationships between parenting practices in childhood and risk of depression and anxiety in adolescence are unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the longitudinal literature that describes these associations.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched for articles published through March 2018. Eligible articles were published in the English language, peer-reviewed, and had prospective cohort study designs. Articles eligible for inclusion examined positive and negative parenting practices of parents and/or guardians when study subjects were between 0 and 9 years of age, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms when subjects were between 10 and 19 years of age. Heterogeneity of included articles precluded meta-analysis: findings were reported narratively.

Results

4558 references were screened for inclusion, and 19 articles met eligibility criteria and were included for review. Ten articles examined positive parenting practices, and four demonstrated statistically significant associations between positive parenting practices and lower risk of adolescent depression, anxiety, and/or internalizing symptoms. Fifteen articles examined negative parenting practices, and five demonstrated significant associations between negative parenting practices and higher risk of adolescent depression, anxiety, and/or internalizing symptoms.

Conclusion

This review demonstrates that the evidence base supporting longitudinal associations between parenting practices in childhood and adolescent symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internalizing problems is inconsistent. Findings from this review highlight limitations of the existing literature and identify understudied parenting dimensions that require further investigation.

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Funding

This work was supported by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (#SRG-0-031-16) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (#A01-151538). Ian Colman is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program and the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme (project number 262700). The sources of funding had no role in study design; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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  1. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 308C, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada

    Zahra M. Clayborne, Mila Kingsbury, Hugues Sampasa-Kinyaga, Kathleen M. Lalande & Ian Colman

  2. Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Lindsey Sikora

  3. Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

    Ian Colman

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  1. Zahra M. Clayborne
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Clayborne, Z.M., Kingsbury, M., Sampasa-Kinyaga, H. et al. Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 56, 619–638 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01956-z

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