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The pervasive effect of youth self-report of hunger on depression over 6 years of follow up

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology volume 52, pages 537–547 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose

We used longitudinal data to clarify the association between self-report of hunger and subsequent depression risk among youth and young adults, accounting for other risk factors.

Methods

Youth self-report of ever experiencing hunger data were collected from cycles 4–6 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth cohort of Canadian youth 16 years and older (n = 4139). Data on depressive symptoms (CES-D 12) were collected over three cycles (2004–2009, cycles 6–8). We used multivariable regression based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine prior youth hunger on later depression risk, adjusting for time-stable, time-varying, and lagged variables (e.g., depressive symptoms in previous cycle), thereby clarifying the temporal relationship.

Results

The prevalence of youth hunger experience and depression risk reached 5.9 and 15.0%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of depression for participants reporting hunger was 2.31 (95% CI 1.54, 3.46) and changed little [2.17 (95% CI 1.29, 3.67)] after accounting for previous CES-D 12 scores, suggesting a temporal relationship in which hunger contributes to depression risk. Unlike never-hungry youth, depression in ever-hungry youth remained comparatively elevated over time.

Conclusions

Our models support an independent and temporal relationship between youth self-report of hunger and depression in adolescence and young adulthood.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Operating Grants SEC-117126 and ROH-115208. We thank Genevieve Jessiman-Perreault for analytic assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    Lynn McIntyre, Xiuyun Wu, Cynthia Kwok & Scott B. Patten

  2. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    Scott B. Patten

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  1. Lynn McIntyre
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  2. Xiuyun Wu
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Correspondence to Lynn McIntyre.

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McIntyre, L., Wu, X., Kwok, C. et al. The pervasive effect of youth self-report of hunger on depression over 6 years of follow up. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52, 537–547 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1361-5

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Keywords

  • Hunger
  • Depression
  • Youth
  • Longitudinal
  • Generalized estimating equation (GEE)