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Mental and substance use disorders from early adolescence to young adulthood among indigenous young people: final diagnostic results from an 8-year panel study

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Abstract

Objective

Our objective was to investigate change in prevalence rates for mental and substance abuse disorders between early adolescence and young adulthood in a cohort of indigenous adolescents who participated in an 8-year panel study.

Method

The data are from a lagged, sequential study of 671 indigenous adolescents (Wave 1) from a single culture in the Northern Midwest USA and Canada. At Wave 1 (mean age 11.3 years, Wave 4 (mean age 14.3 years), Wave 6 (mean age 16.2 years), and at Wave 8 (mean age 18.3 years) the tribally enrolled adolescents completed a computer-assisted personal interview that included DISC-R assessment for 11 diagnoses. Our yearly retention rates by diagnostic wave were: Wave 2, 94.7 %; Wave 4, 87.7 %; Wave 6, 88.0 %; Wave 8, 78.5 %.

Results

The findings show a dramatic increase in lifetime prevalence rates for substance use disorders. By young adulthood, over half had met criteria of substance abuse or dependence disorder. Also at young adulthood, 58.2 % had met lifetime criteria of a single substance use or mental disorder and 37.2 % for two or more substance use or mental disorders. The results are compared to other indigenous diagnostic studies and to the general population.

Conclusions

A mental health crisis exists within the indigenous populations that participated in this study. Innovations within current mental health service systems are needed to address the unmet demand of adolescents and families.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA13580) and the National Institute of Mental Health (MH67281).

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, 739 Oldfather Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0324, USA

    Les B. Whitbeck

  2. Department of Sociology, 471 Murray Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA

    Kelley J. Sittner Hartshorn

  3. Bureau of Sociological Research, 210 Benton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0623, USA

    Devan M. Crawford

  4. Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, 235 SMed, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN, 55812-3031, USA

    Melissa L. Walls

  5. Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0623, USA

    Kari C. Gentzler

  6. College of Arts and Sciences, 1223 Oldfather Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0312, USA

    Dan R. Hoyt

Authors
  1. Les B. Whitbeck
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  2. Kelley J. Sittner Hartshorn
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  3. Devan M. Crawford
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  4. Melissa L. Walls
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  5. Kari C. Gentzler
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  6. Dan R. Hoyt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Les B. Whitbeck.

Appendix

Appendix

See Appendix Table 5.

Table 5 Confidence intervals for the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders, Waves 6 and 8
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Whitbeck, L.B., Sittner Hartshorn, K.J., Crawford, D.M. et al. Mental and substance use disorders from early adolescence to young adulthood among indigenous young people: final diagnostic results from an 8-year panel study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49, 961–973 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0825-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0825-0

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