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Texture and geochemistry of pyrite from the Jinya, Nakuang and Gaolong gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin: implications for basin-scale gold mineralization

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Abstract

To understand the controls of basin paleogeographic evolution on sediment-hosted gold metallogenesis, a study was undertaken of pyrite texture and geochemistry of the Jinya, Nakuang, and Gaolong gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin, SW China. Syn-sedimentary/diagenetic pyrite and three generations of hydrothermal pyrite (As-Au-poor core, anomalously As-rich but Au-poor mantle, and As-Au-rich rim) are defined in the three gold deposits. The syn-sedimentary/diagenetic pyrites deposited in the basin facies at Jinya and slope facies around platforms at Gaolong have δ34S values of –3.4 ‰ to + 7.3 ‰ and + 14.8 ‰ to + 16.1 ‰, respectively. Compared to As-Au-poor pyrite with abundant fine-grained galena inclusions and high-radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios, the As-Au-rich pyrite shows a ~ 2–3 ‰ increase in average δ34S values (Jinya: –5.9 ‰; Nakuang: –7.6 ‰; Gaolong: + 12.2 ‰) towards those of syn-sedimentary/diagenetic pyrite and a decrease in average Pb isotopic ratios. These phenomena can be explained by the interaction of ore fluids with the pyritic sedimentary host rocks. A regional feature of the Youjiang Basin is that most of the gold deposits share similar pyrite textures and trace element compositions. However, the δ34S values of auriferous pyrite range from –9 ‰ to –5 ‰, –5 ‰ to + 5 ‰, and + 5 ‰ to + 19 ‰ in these gold deposits with host rocks deposited in the basin facies, open platforms, and slope facies around platforms, respectively. Thus, it is demonstrated that the sulfur isotope compositions of auriferous pyrite were mostly determined by the syn-sedimentary/diagenetic pyrite formed under different sedimentary facies.

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modified from the Guangxi Geological Survey (2014, unpublished report) and Hu et al. (2017b). The column is not to scale since there are various strata thicknesses at different locations in the Youjiang Basin

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  • 24 April 2022

    Springer Nature’s version of this paper was updated to present the correct e-mail addresses of the corresponding authors.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate all mine geologists in the Jinya, Nakuang, and Gaolong gold deposits for their help during our fieldwork, Drs. Paul Olin, and Sasha Stepanov for their suggestions and help with the LA-ICP-MS analyses of sulfides, Dr. Bin Fu for his assistance with the SHRIMP sulfur isotope of sulfides, and Dr. Siyu Hu for her helpful comments on the early version of the manuscript. We thank Editor-in-Chief Bernd Lehmann and Associate Editor Huayong Chen for their highly efficient handling of the manuscript and three reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42125203, 92155305, 91855217), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFA0714802, 2016YFC0600307), the Chinese Post-doctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (BX20180280), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M680622, 2018M641428), and the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (BP0719021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Lin Yang, Qingfei Wang & Jun Deng

  2. Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences (CODES), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 126, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    Ross R. Large & Indrani Mukherjee

  3. School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia

    Denis Fougerouse

  4. The Bureau of Geo-Exploration Guangxi and Mineral Development, Nanning, 530023, People’s Republic of China

    Qizuan Zhang

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  1. Lin Yang
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Yang, L., Wang, Q., Large, R.R. et al. Texture and geochemistry of pyrite from the Jinya, Nakuang and Gaolong gold deposits in the Youjiang Basin: implications for basin-scale gold mineralization. Miner Deposita 57, 1367–1390 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01115-1

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