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Post-collisional magmatism and ore-forming systems in the Menderes massif: new constraints from the Miocene porphyry Mo–Cu Pınarbaşı system, Gediz–Kütahya, western Turkey

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Abstract

The Pınarbaşı Mo–Cu prospect is hosted within the Pınarbaşı intrusion, which is exposed together with the NW–SE-trending Koyunoba, Eğrigöz, and Baklan plutons along the northeastern border of the Menderes massif. The Pınarbaşı intrusion predominantly comprises monzonite, porphyritic granite, and monzodiorite. All units of the Pınarbaşı intrusion have sharp intrusive contacts with each other. The principal mineralization style at the Pınarbaşı prospect is a porphyry-type Mo–Cu mineralization hosted predominantly by monzonite and porphyritic granite. The porphyry type Mo–Cu mineralization consists mostly of stockwork and NE- and EW-striking sub-vertical quartz veins. Stockwork-type quartz veins hosted by the upper parts of the porphyritic granite within the monzonite, are typically enriched in chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite, and limonite. The late NE- and EW-striking normal faults cut the stockwork vein system and control the quartz–molybdenite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–fahlore–galena veins, as well as molybdenite–hematite-bearing silicified zones. Lithogeochemical and whole-rock radiogenic isotope data (Sr, Nd and Pb) of the host rocks, together with Re-Os molybdenite ages (18.3 ± 0.1 Ma – 18.2 ± 0.1 Ma) reveal that the monzonitic and granitic rocks of the Pınarbaşı intrusion were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle-lower crust during Oligo–Miocene post-collisional magmatism. The lithospheric mantle was metasomatised by fluids and subducted sediments, and the mantle-derived melts interacted with lower crust at 35-40 km depth. This mechanism explains the Mo and Cu enrichments of the Pınarbaşı intrusion during back-arc magmatism. We conclude that the melt of the Pınarbaşı intrusion could have rapidly ascended to mid-crustal levels, with only limited crustal assimilation along major trans-lithospheric faults as a result of thinning of the middle to upper crust during regional extension, and resulted in the development of porphyry-style mineralization during the early Miocene (∼18 Ma). The subsequent exhumation history of the Mo–Cu-bearing Pınarbaşı intrusion is attributed to regional-scale uplift, and further exhumation along detachment faults of the associated core complexes during the middle to late Miocene.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Fabio Capponi for XRF analyses (University of Geneva) and Peter Laznicka (Metallogenica Consulting Adelaide), Cüneyt Baran, Fatih Pekdemir, and Oktay Parlak (MTA) for help during fieldwork. Panagiotis Voudouris and Albrecht von Quadt are thanked for their valuable comments and suggestions that allowed us to improve the manuscript. We also thank associated editor Frank Melcher for final edits. The research was supported by the “Hacettepe University Scientific Research Coordination Unit” grants FHD-2015-7509 and FDS-2015-7004, and the “Swiss National Science Foundation” through research grants 200020-155928. This research was also partially supported by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Turkey (MTA)–ETI Mine Works during the joint project 2002-32-57.d1. David Selby acknowledges the TOTAL endowment fund. Seçil Delibaş and Burcu Kahraman (Hacettepe University) are thanked for providing various pieces of information allowing us to finalize the manuscript. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the senior author Okan Delibaş, who dramatically passed away in August 2016 during the final revision stages of the manuscript. Okan still had so many scientific projects in mind, his death is a big loss to all of us, including his family, friends, colleagues and the international scientific community.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe-Ankara, Turkey

    Okan Delibaş

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland

    Robert Moritz & Massimo Chiaradia

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK

    David Selby

  4. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Alexey Ulianov

  5. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    Mustafa Kemal Revan

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  1. Okan Delibaş
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Correspondence to Robert Moritz.

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Editorial handling: F. Melcher

Okan Delibaş deceased August 23, 2016.

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Delibaş, O., Moritz, R., Chiaradia, M. et al. Post-collisional magmatism and ore-forming systems in the Menderes massif: new constraints from the Miocene porphyry Mo–Cu Pınarbaşı system, Gediz–Kütahya, western Turkey. Miner Deposita 52, 1157–1178 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-016-0711-7

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