No evidence of an increased mortality risk associated with low levels of glycated haemoglobin in a non-diabetic UK population

Table 3 Crude incidence rates and adjusted HRs for cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality according to category of baseline glycated haemoglobin

	Glycated haemoglobin (%)					p value for trend
	<5.0	5.0 to <5.5^a	5.5 to <6.0	6.0 to <6.5	≥6.5	p value for trend
Number of individuals	3,742	6,515	5,236	1,355	348
Cardiovascular death (n)	68	157	208	88	31
Rate (/1,000 py)	1.6 (1.2–2.0)	2.2 (1.9–2.5)	3.6 (3.2–4.1)	6.0 (4.8–7.3)	8.5 (6.0–12.0)
HR (95% CI), age- and sex-adjusted	1.08 (0.85–1.37)	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	1.30 (1.13–1.48)	1.71 (1.38–2.12)	2.17 (1.51–3.11)	<0.0001
HR (95% CI), multivariate adjusted^b	1.04 (0.81–1.33)	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	1.21 (1.05–1.38)	1.39 (1.11–1.74)	1.61 (1.09–2.36)	0.004
Cancer-related death (n)	131	310	332	122	34
Rate (/1,000 py)	3.0 (2.5–3.6)	4.3 (3.8–4.8)	5.8 (5.2–6.4)	8.3 (6.9–9.9)	9.3 (6.6–13.0)
HR (95% CI), age- and sex-adjusted	0.92 (0.78–1.10)	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	1.13 (1.01–1.25)	1.39 (1.17–1.66)	1.45 (1.04–2.04)	<0.0001
HR (95% CI), multivariate adjusted^b	0.91 (0.77–1.09)	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	1.14 (1.02–1.27)	1.33 (1.11–1.60)	1.36 (0.96–1.91)	0.001

^aReference category
^bAdjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking status, waist-to-hip-ratio, alcohol consumption and physical activity; numbers of deaths/total were 1,893/16,767 because of missing values of covariates
py, person-years