Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fine-mapping and identification of a candidate gene controlling seed coat color in melon (Cucumis melo L. var. chinensis Pangalo)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

MELO3C019554 encoding a homeobox protein (PHD transcription factor) is a candidate gene that involved in the formation of seed coat color in melon.

Abstract

Seed coat color is related to flavonoid content which is closely related to seed dormancy. According to the genetic analysis of a six-generation population derived from two parents (IC2508 with a yellow seed coat and IC2518 with a brown seed coat), we discovered that the yellow seed coat trait in melon is controlled by a single dominant gene, named CmBS-1. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) revealed that the gene is located at 11,860,000–15,890,000 bp (4.03 Mb) on Chr 6. The F2 population was genotyped using insertion–deletions (InDels), from which cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers were derived to construct a genetic map. The gene was then fine-mapped to a 233.98 kb region containing 12 genes. Based on gene sequence analysis with two parents, we found that the MELO3C019554 gene encoding a homeobox protein (PHD transcription factor) had a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the coding sequence (CDS), and the SNP mutation resulted in the conversion of an amino acid (A → T) at residue 534. In addition, MELO3C019554 exhibited lower relative expression levels in the yellow seed coat than in the brown seed coat. Furthermore, we found that MELO3C019554 is related to 12 flavonoid metabolites. Thus, we predicted that MELO3C019554 is a candidate gene controlling seed coat color in melon. The study lays a foundation for further cloning projects and functional analysis of this gene, as well as marker-assisted selection breeding.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe A, Kosugi S, Yoshida K, Natsume S, Takagi H, Kanzaki H, Matsumura H, Yoshida K, Mitsuoka C, Tamiru M, Innan H, Cano L, Kamoun S, Terauchi R (2012) Genome sequencing reveals agronomically important loci in rice using MutMap. Nat Biotechnol 30:174–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler VL, Radicella JP, Robbins TP, Chen J, Turks D (1989) Two regulatory genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous: isolation of B utilizing R genomic sequences. Plant Cell 1:1175–1183

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chong J, Xia J (2018) MetaboAnalystR: an R package for flexible and reproducible analysis of metabolomics data. Bioinformatics 34:4313–4314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cingolani P, Platts A, le Wang L, Coon M, Nguyen T, Wang L, Land SJ, Lu X, Ruden DM (2012) A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of drosophila melanogaster strain w1118; iso-2; iso-3. Fly 6:80–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dai Z, Tan J, Zhou C, Yang X, Yang F, Zhang S, Sun S, Miao X, Shi Z (2019) The OsmiR396-OsGRF8-OsF3H-flavonoid pathway mediates resistance to the brown planthopper in rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Biotechnol J 17:1657–1669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Debeaujon I, Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Koornneef M (2000) Influence of the testa on seed dormancy, germination, and longevity in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 122:403–414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon RA, Xie DY, Sharma SB (2005) Proanthocyanidins-a final frontier in flavonoid research. New Phytol 165:9–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fekih R, Takagi H, Tamiru M, Abe A, Natsume S, Yaegashi H, Sharma S, Sharma S, Kanzaki H, Matsumura H, Saitoh H, Mitsuoka C, Utsushi H, Uemura A, Kanzaki E, Kosugi S, Yoshida K, Cano L, Kamoun S, Terauchi R (2013) MutMap+: genetic mapping and mutant identification without crossing in rice. PLoS ONE 8:e68529

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima A, Iwasa M, Nakabayashi R, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Okazaki Y, Saito K, Kusano M (2017) Effects of combined low glutathione with mild oxidative and low phosphorus stress on the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 8:1464

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Furger A, O’Sullivan JM, Binnie A, Lee BA, Proudfoot NJ (2002) Promoter proximal splice sites enhance transcription. Genes Dev 16:2792–2799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Mas J, Benjak A, Sanseverino W, Bourgeois M, Mir G, Gonzalez VM, Henaff E, Camara F, Cozzuto L, Lowy E, Alioto T, Capella-Gutierrez S, Blanca J, Canizares J, Ziarsolo P, Gonzalez-Ibeas D, Rodriguez-Moreno L, Droege M, Du L, Alvarez-Tejado M, Lorente-Galdos B, Mele M, Yang L, Weng Y, Navarro A, Marques-Bonet T, Aranda MA, Nuez F, Pico B, Gabaldon T, Roma G, Guigo R, Casacuberta JM, Arus P, Puigdomenech P (2012) The genome of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:11872–11877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gillman JD, Tetlow A, Lee JD, Shannon JG, Bilyeu K (2011) Loss-of-function mutations affecting a specific Glycine max R2R3 MYB transcription factor result in brown hilum and brown seed coats. BMC Plant Biol 11:155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Giner A, Pascual L, Bourgeois M, Gyetvai G, Rios P, Pico B, Troadec C, Bendahmane A, Garcia-Mas J, Martin-Hernandez AM (2017) A mutation in the melon vacuolar protein sorting 41prevents systemic infection of Cucumber mosaic virus. Sci Rep 7:10471

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong L, Chen W, Gao Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Xu C, Yu S, Zhang Q, Luo J (2013) Genetic analysis of the metabolome exemplified using a rice population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:20320–20325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gur A, Tzuri G, Meir A, Sa’ar U, Portnoy V, Katzir N, Schaffer AA, Li L, Burger J, Tadmor Y (2017) Genome-wide linkage-disequilibrium mapping to the candidate gene level in melon (Cucumis melo). Sci Rep 7:9770

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan MZ, Rahim MA, Natarajan S, Robin AHK, Kim HT, Park JI, Nou IS (2018) Gummy stem blight resistance in melon: inheritance pattern and development of molecular markers. Int J Mol Sci 19:2914

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herniter IA, Munoz-Amatriain M, Lo S, Guo YN, Close TJ (2018) Identification of candidate genes controlling black seed coat and pod tip color in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). G3 Bethesda 8:3347–3355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hill JT, Demarest BL, Bisgrove BW, Gorsi B, Su YC, Yost HJ (2013) MMAPPR: mutation mapping analysis pipeline for pooled RNA-seq. Genome Res 23:687–697

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hong M, Hu K, Tian T, Li X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Yi B, Wen J, Ma C, Shen J, Fu T, Tu J (2017) Transcriptomic analysis of seed coats in yellow-seeded Brassica napus reveals novel genes that influence proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 8:1674

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hou J, Zhou YF, Gao LY, Wang YL, Yang LM, Zhu HY, Wang JM, Zhao SJ, Ma CS, Sun SR, Hu JB (2018) Dissecting the genetic architecture of melon chilling tolerance at the seedling stage by association mapping and identification of the elite alleles. Front Plant Sci 9:1577

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Z, Liu L, Lu H, Lang L, Zhao N, Ding J, Xu A (2016) Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L. Breed Sci 66:175–180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang P, Jiang H, Zhu C, Barry K, Jenkins J, Sandor L, Schmutz J, Box MS, Kellogg EA, Brutnell TP (2017) Sparse panicle1 is required for inflorescence development in Setaria viridis and maize. Nat Plants 3:17054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanehisa M, Goto S (2000) KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 28:27–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kosambi DD (1944) The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Ann Eugen 12:172–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee K, Hwang OJ, Reiter RJ, Back K (2018) Flavonoids inhibit both rice and sheep serotonin N-acetyltransferases and reduce melatonin levels in plants. J Pineal Res 65:e12512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lepiniec L, Debeaujon I, Routaboul JM, Baudry A, Pourcel L, Nesi N, Caboche M (2006) Genetics and biochemistry of seed flavonoids. Ann Rev Plant Biol 57:405–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Durbin R (2009) Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics 25:1754–1760

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Westcott N, Links M, Gruber MY (2010) Seed coat phenolics and the developing silique transcriptome of Brassica carinata. J Agric Food Chem 58:10918–10928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li B, Lu X, Gebremeskel H, Zhao S, He N, Yuan P, Gong C, Mohammed U, Liu W (2019) Genetic mapping and discovery of the candidate gene for black seed coat color in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Front Plant Sci 10:1689

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Chen L, Hong M, Zhang Y, Zu F, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T (2012) A large insertion in bHLH transcription factor BrTT8 resulting in yellow seed coat in Brassica rapa. PLoS ONE 7:e44145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lian Q, Tang D, Bai Z, Qi J, Lu F, Huang S, Zhang C (2019) Acquisition of deleterious mutations during potato polyploidization. J Integr Plant Biol 61(1):7–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SH, Cullen BR (2003) Analysis of the stimulatory effect of splicing on mRNA production and utilization in mammalian cells. RNA 9:618–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lv JC, Fu QS, Lai Y, Zhou MD, Wang HS (2018) Inheritance and gene mapping of spotted to non-spotted trait gene CmSp-1 in melon (Cucumis melo L. var. chinensis Pangalo). Mol Breed 38:105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malencic D, Cvejic J, Miladinovic J (2012) Polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of colored soybean seeds from central Europe. J Med Food 15:89–95

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, Garimella K, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Daly M, DePristo MA (2010) The genome analysis toolkit: a mapreduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res 20:1297–1303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meng L, Li HH, Zhang LY, Wang JK (2015) QTL IciMapping: integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations. Crop J 3:269–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millevoi S, Decorsiere A, Loulergue C, Iacovoni J, Bernat S, Antoniou M, Vagner S (2009) A physical and functional link between splicing factors promotes pre-mRNA 3’end processing. Nucleic Acids Res 37:4672–4683

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Molitor AM, Bu Z, Yu Y, Shen WH (2014) Arabidopsis AL PHD-PRC1 complexes promote seed germination through H3K4me3-to-H3K27me3 chromatin state switch in repression of seed developmental genes. PLoS Genet 10:e1004091

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morello L, Bardini M, Sala F, Breviario D (2002) A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice beta-tubulin gene is required for high-level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both in vivo and in vitro. Plant J 29:33–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucl Acids Res 8:4321–4325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nesi N, Debeaujon I, Jond C, Pelletier G, Caboche M, Lepiniec L (2000) The TT8 gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix domain protein required for expression of DFR and BAN genes in Arabidopsis siliques. Plant Cell 12:1863–1878

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nimmakayala P, Tomason YR, Abburi VL, Alvarado A, Saminathan T, Vajja VG, Salazar G, Panicker GK, Levi A, Wechter WP, McCreight JD, Korol AB, Ronin Y, Garcia-Mas J, Reddy UK (2016) Genome-wide differentiation of various melon horticultural groups for use in GWAS for fruit firmness and construction of a high resolution genetic map. Front Plant Sci 7:1437

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Padmaja LK, Agarwal P, Gupta V, Mukhopadhyay A, Sodhi YS, Pental D, Pradhan AK (2014) Natural mutations in two homoeologous TT8 genes control yellow seed coat trait in allotetraploid Brassica juncea (AABB). Theor Appl Genet 127:339–347

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qu C, Fu F, Lu K, Zhang K, Wang R, Xu X, Wang M, Lu J, Wan H, Zhanglin T, Li J (2013) Differential accumulation of phenolic compounds and expression of related genes in black- and yellow-seeded Brassica napus. J Exp Bot 64:2885–2898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ren Y, He Q, Ma X, Zhang L (2017) Characteristics of color development in seeds of brown- and yellow-seeded heading chinese cabbage and molecular analysis of Brsc, the candidate gene controlling seed coat color. Front Plant Sci 8:1410

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggieri V, Alexiou KG, Morata J, Argyris J, Pujol M, Yano R, Nonaka S, Ezura H, Latrasse D, Boualem A, Benhamed M, Bendahmane A, Cigliano RA, Sanseverino W, Puigdomenech P, Casacuberta JM, Garcia-Mas J (2018) An improved assembly and annotation of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) reference genome. Sci Rep 8:8088

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samadder P, Sivamani E, Lu JL, Li XG, Qu RD (2008) Transcriptional and post-transcriptional enhancement of gene expression by the 5’UTR intron of rice rubi3 gene in transgenic rice cells. Mol Genet Genomics 279:429–439

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan S, Parimelazhagan T (2014) In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties of polyphenols of Passiflora ligularis Juss. fruit pulp. Food Sci Hum Well 3:56–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng Y, Wang Y, Jiao S, Jin Y, Ji P, Luan F (2017) Mapping and preliminary analysis of ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) as the candidate gene underlying the male sterility (MS-5) mutant in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Front Plant Sci 8:902

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Song J, Li Z, Liu Z, Guo Y, Qiu LJ (2017) Next-generation sequencing from bulked-segregant analysis accelerates the simultaneous identification of two qualitative genes in soybean. Front Plant Sci 8:919

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney MT, Thomson MJ, Pfeil BE, McCouch S (2006) Caught red-handed: Rc encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein conditioning red pericarp in rice. Plant Cell 18:283–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Takagi H, Abe A, Yoshida K, Kosugi S, Natsume S, Mitsuoka C, Uemura A, Utsushi H, Tamiru M, Takuno S, Innan H, Cano LM, Kamoun S, Terauchi R (2013) QTL-seq: rapid mapping of quantitative trait loci in rice by whole genome resequencing of DNA from two bulked populations. Plant J 74:174–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thévenot EA, Roux A, Xu Y, Ezan E, Junot C (2015) Analysis of the human adult urinary metabolome variations with age, body mass index, and gender by implementing a comprehensive workflow for univariate and OPLS statistical analyses. J Proteome Res 14:3322–3335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thu SW, Rai KM, Sandhu D, Rajangam A, Balasubramanian VK, Palmer RG, Mendu V (2019) Mutation in a PHD-finger protein MS4 causes male sterility in soybean. BMC Plant Biol 19:378

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu X, Liu Z, Zhang Z (2018) Comparative transcriptomic analysis of resistant and susceptible alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L.) after thrips infestation. BMC Genomics 19:116

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Xiao L, Guo S, An F, Du D (2016) Fine mapping and whole-genome resequencing identify the seed coat color gene in Brassica rapa. PLoS ONE 11:e0166464

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei X, Zhu XD, Yu JY, Wang LH, Zhang YX, Li DH, Zhou R, Zhang XR (2016) Identification of sesame genomic variations from genome comparison of landrace and variety. Front Plant Sci 7:1169

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Huang J, Hao YJ, Zou HF, Wang HW, Zhao JY, Liu XY, Zhang WK, Ma B, Zhang JS, Chen SY (2009) Soybean GmPHD-type transcription regulators improve stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLoS ONE 4:e7209

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkel-Shirley B (2001) Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiol 126:485–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Xia X, Zhang Z, Nong B, Zeng Y, Xiong F, Wu Y, Gao J, Deng G, Li D (2017) QTL mapping by whole genome re-sequencing and analysis of candidate genes for nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Front Plant Sci 8:1634

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ye Y, Zhao Y (2016) The pleiotropic effects of the seed germination inhibitor germostatin. Plant Signal Behav 11:e1144000

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu CY (2013) Molecular mechanism of manipulating seed coat coloration in oilseed Brassica species. J Appl Genet 54:135–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zabala G, Vodkin L (2003) Cloning of the pleiotropic T locus in soybean and two recessive alleles that differentially affect structure and expression of the encoded flavonoid 3’ hydroxylase. Genetics 163:295–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang AA, Zheng J, Chen XM, Shi XY, Wang HS, Fu QS (2021) Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the flavonoid metabolic pathway is associated with fruit peel coloration of melon. Molecules 26:2830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Yi H, Wu M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li M, Wang G (2016) Mapping the flavor contributing traits on “Fengwei Melon” (Cucumis melo L.) chromosomes using parent resequencing and super bulked-segregant analysis. PLoS ONE 11:e0148150

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Chen S, Wang S, Shan W, Wang X, Lin Y, Su F, Yang Z, Yu X (2019) Defensive responses of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) against tea green leafhopper attack: a multi-omics study. Front Plant Sci 10:1705

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu J, Chen J, Gao F, Xu C, Wu H, Chen K, Si Z, Yan H, Zhang T (2017) Rapid mapping and cloning of the virescent-1 gene in cotton by bulked segregant analysis-next generation sequencing and virus-induced gene silencing strategies. J Exp Bot 68:4125–4135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFD1000300), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-25), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS, IVF-BRF2021008).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Zhicheng Hu, Xueyin Shi, Xuemiao Chen, Jing Zheng, Aiai Zhang, Huaisong Wang & Qiushi Fu

Authors
  1. Zhicheng Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xueyin Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xuemiao Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jing Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aiai Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Huaisong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Qiushi Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HW and QF conceived and designed the research, ZH, JZ and AZ performed the experiment, ZH, XS and XC analyzed the data. ZH, HW and QF wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huaisong Wang or Qiushi Fu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The authors declare that the study complies with the current laws of China.

Additional information

Communicated by Sandra Elaine Branham.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 484 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, Z., Shi, X., Chen, X. et al. Fine-mapping and identification of a candidate gene controlling seed coat color in melon (Cucumis melo L. var. chinensis Pangalo). Theor Appl Genet 135, 803–815 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03999-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03999-5

Search

Navigation