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Fine mapping and identification of the candidate gene BFS for fruit shape in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida)

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Abstract

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Non-synonymous mutations in the BFS gene, which encodes the IQD protein, are responsible for the shape of wax gourd fruits.

Abstract

Fruit shape is an important agronomic trait in wax gourds. Therefore, in this study, we employed bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify a candidate gene for fruit shape in wax gourds within F2 populations derived by crossing GX-71 (long cylindrical fruit, fruit shape index = 4.56) and MY-1 (round fruit, fruit shape index = 1.06) genotypes. According to BSA, the candidate gene is located in the 17.18 Mb region on chromosome 2. Meanwhile, kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were used to reduce it to a 19.6 Kb region. Only one gene was present within the corresponding region of the reference genome, namely Bch02G016830 (designated BFS). Subsequently, BFS was sequenced in six wax gourd varieties with different fruit shapes. Sequence analysis revealed two non-synonymous mutations in the round wax gourd and one non-synonymous mutation in the cylindrical wax gourd. Quantitative real‑time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis further showed that the expression of BFS in round fruits was significantly higher than in long cylindrical fruits at the ovary formation stage. Therefore, BFS is a candidate gene for determination wax gourd shape. The predicted protein encoded by the BFS gene belongs to the IQ67-domain protein family, which have the structural characteristics of scaffold proteins and coordinate Ca2+ CaM signaling from the membrane to the nucleus. Ultimately, two derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers were developed to facilitate marker-assisted selection for wax gourds breeding.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31960593). This study was also supported by Guangxi Major Program of Science and Technology (Guike AA17204026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Guangxi, 530004, China

    Zhikui Cheng, Zhengguo Liu, Lianlian Ma, Jieying Chen, Jiquan Gou, Liwen Su, Wenting Wu, Wenjin Yu & Peng Wang

  2. SinoDutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yuanchao Xu

  3. Institute of Vegetables, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi, 530004, China

    Peng Wang

  4. Institute for New Rural Development, Guangxi University, Guangxi, 530004, China

    Yong Chen

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  1. Zhikui Cheng
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  2. Zhengguo Liu
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  4. Lianlian Ma
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Contributions

Author Contribution Statement

Z.G.L., W.J.Y., and P.W conceived and designed the study. Z.K.C. and Y.C.X conducted all of the experiments. L.L.M., J.Q.G., J.Y.C., L.W.S., W.T.W., and Y.C participated in some experiments. Z.K.C. and Y.C.X wrote the manuscript. Z.G.L., W.J.Y., and P.W revised the manuscript. Z.K.C., Z.G.L., and Y.C.X contributed equally. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Peng Wang.

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Communicated by Sanwen Huang.

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Cheng, Z., Liu, Z., Xu, Y. et al. Fine mapping and identification of the candidate gene BFS for fruit shape in wax gourd (Benincasa hispida). Theor Appl Genet 134, 3983–3995 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03942-8

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