Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fine mapping of a kernel length-related gene with potential value for maize breeding

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

A key candidate gene for maize kernel length was fine mapped to an interval of 942 kb; the locus significantly increases kernel length (KL) and hundred-kernel weight (HKW).

Abstract

Kernel size is a major determinant of yield in cereals. Kernel length, one of the determining factors of kernel size, is a target trait for both domestication and artificial breeding. However, there are few reports of fine mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/cloned genes for kernel length in maize. In this project, a novel major QTL, named qKL9, controlling maize kernel length was identified. We verified the authenticity and stability of qKL9 via BC2F2 and BC3F1 populations, respectively, and ultimately mapped qKL9 to an ~ 942-kb genomic interval by testing the progenies of recombination events derived from BC3F2 and BC4F2 populations in multiple environments. Additionally, one new line (McqKL9−A) containing the ~ 942-kb segment was screened from the BC4F2 population. Combining transcriptome analysis between McqKL9−A and Mc at 6, 9 and 14 days after pollination and candidate regional association mapping, Zm00001d046723 was preliminarily identified as the key candidate gene for qKL9. Importantly, the replacement in the Mc line of the Mc’s alleles by the V671’s alleles in the qKL9 region improved the performances of single-cross hybrids obtained with elite lines, illustrating the potential value of this QTL for the genetic improvement in maize kernel-related traits. These findings facilitate molecular breeding for kernel size and cloning of the gene underlying qKL9, shedding light on the genetic basis of kernel size in maize.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anders S, Huber W (2010) Differential expression analysis for sequence count data. Genome Biol 11:R106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Becraft PW, Stinard PS, McCarty DR (1996) Crinkyl4: A TNFR-like receptor kinase involved in maize epidermal differentiation. Science 273:1406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi J, Li Q, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Battaglia R, Marocco A, Chourey PS (2016) The auxin-deficient defective kernel18 (dek18) mutation alters the expression of seed-specific biosynthetic genes in maize. J Plant Growth Regul 35:770–777

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bortiri E, Jackson D, Hake S (2006) Advances in maize genomics: the emergence of positional cloning. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9(2):164–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury PJ, Zhang Z, Kroon DE, Casstevens TM, Ramdoss Y, Buckler ES (2007) TASSEL: software for association mapping of complex traits in diverse samples. Bioinformatics 23(19):2633–2635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buckler ES, Gaut BS, McMullen MD (2006) Molecular and functional diversity of maize. Curr Opin Plant Biol 9(2):172–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cai M, Li S, Sun C, Feng Y, Sun Q, Zhao H, Ren X, Zhao Y, Tan B, Qiu F (2017) Emp10 encodes a mitochondrial PPR protein that affects the cis-splicing of nad2 intron 1 and seed development in maize. Plant J 91(1):132–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Zeng B, Zhang M, Xie S, Wang G, Hauck A, Lai J (2014) Dynamic transcriptome landscape of maize embryo and endosperm development. Plant Physiol 166:252–264

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Li Y, Li C, Wu X, Qin W, Li X, Jiao F, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shi Y, Song Y, Li Y, Wang T (2016) Fine-mapping of qGW4.05, a major QTL for kernel weight and size in maize. BMC Plant Biol 16:81

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Zhang L, Liu S, Li Z, Huang R, Li Y (2016) The genetic basis of natural variation in kernel size and related traits using a four-way cross population in maize. PLoS ONE 11(4):e0153428. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Feng F, Qi W, Xu L, Yao D, Wang Q, Song R (2017) Dek35 encodes a PPR protein that affects cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 1 and seed development in maize. Mol Plant 10:427–441

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Li YX, Li C, Shi Y, Song Y, Zhang D, Wang H, Li Y, Wang T (2020) The retromer protein ZmVPS29 regulates maize kernel morphology likely through an auxin-dependent process(es). Plant Biotechnol J 18(4):1004–1014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng WH, Taliercio WE, Chourey PS (1996) The míniaturel seed locus of maize encodes a cell wali lnvertase required for normal development of endosperm and maternal cells in the pedicel. Plant Cell 8:971–983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cosgrove DJ (2000) Loosening of plant cell walls by expansins. Nature 407:321–326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dong X, Ji J, Yang L et al (2019) Fine-mapping and transcriptome analysis of BoGL-3, a wax-less gene in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). Mol Genet Genomics 294(5):1231–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-019-01577-5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elomaa P, Mehto M, Kotilainen M, Helariutta Y, Nevalainen L, Teeri TH (1998) A bHLH transcription factor mediates organ, region and flower type specific signals on dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (dfr) gene expression in the inflorescence of Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae). Plant J 16:93–99

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fan C, Xing Y, Mao H, Lu T, Han B, Xu C, Li X, Zhang Q (2006) GS3, a major QTL for grain length and weight and minor QTL for grain width and thickness in rice, encodes a putative transmembrane protein. Theor Appl Genet 112:1164–1171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feuillet C, Eversole K (2009) Solving the maze. Science 326(5956):1071–1072

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fu S, Meeley R, Scanlon MJ (2002) Empty pericarp2 encodes a negative regulator of the heat shock response and is required for maize embryogenesis. Plant Cell 14:3119–3132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Marcos JF, Dal Pra M, Giulini A, Costa LM, Gavazzi G, Cordelier S, Sellam O, Tatout C, Paul W, Perez P, Dickinson HG, Consonni G (2007) Empty pericarp4 encodes a mitochondrion-targeted pentatricopeptide repeat protein necessary for seed development and plant growth in maize. Plant Cell 19:196–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Heang D, Sassa H (2012) An atypical bHLH protein encoded by positive regulator of grain length 2 is involved in controlling grain length and weight of rice through interaction with a typical bHLH protein APG. Breed Sci 62:133–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Helariutta Y, Elomaa P, Kotilainen M, Seppänen P, Teeri TH (1993) Cloning of cDNA coding for dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) and characterization of dfr expression in the corollas of Gerbera hybrida var. Regina (Compositae). Plant Mol Biol 22:183–193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiebert CW, Moscou MJ, Hewitt T et al (2020) Stem rust resistance in wheat is suppressed by a subunit of the mediator complex. Nature Communication 11(1):1123. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14937-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino A, Johzuka-Hisatomi Y, Iida S (2001) Gene duplication and mobile genetic elements in the morning glories. Gene 265:1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Z, He H, Zhang S, Sun F, Xin X, Wang W, Qian X, Yang J, Luo X (2012) A Kelch motif-containing serine/threonine protein phosphatase determines the large grain QTL trait in rice. J Integr Plant Biol 54:979–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang R, Jiang L, Zheng J, Wang T, Wang H, Huang Y, Hong Z (2013) Genetic bases of rice grain shape: so many genes, so little known. Trends Plant Sci 18:218–226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inagaki Y, Johzuka-Hisatomi Y, Mori T, Takahashi S, Hayakawa Y, Peyachoknagul S, Ozeki Y, Iida S (1999) Genomic organization of the genes encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase for flower pigmentation in the Japanese and common morning glories. Gene 226:181–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ishimaru K, Hirotsu N, Madoka Y, Murakami N, Hara N, Onodera H, Kashiwagi T, Ujiie K, Shimizu B, Onishi A, Miyagawa H, Katoh E (2013) Loss of function of the IAA-glucose hydrolase gene TGW6 enhances rice grain weight and increases yield. Nat Genet 45:707–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim D, Pertea G, Trapnell C, Pimentel H, Kelley R, Salzberg SL (2013) TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol 14:R36

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Li L, Yang X, Warburton ML, Bai G, Dai J, Li J, Yan J (2010) Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight. BMC Plant Biol 10:143

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Yang X, Bai G, Warburton ML, Mahuku G, Gore M, Dai J, Li J, Yan J (2010) Cloning and characterization of a putative GS3 ortholog involved in maize kernel development. Theor Appl Genet 120:753–763

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Fan C, Xing Y, Jiang Y, Luo L, Sun L, Shao D, Xu C, Li X, Xiao J, He Y, Zhang Q (2011) Natural variation in GS5 plays an important role in regulating grain size and yield in rice. Nat Genet 43:1266–1269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Yang XH, Xu ST, Cai Y, Zhang DL, Han YJ, Li L (2012) Genome-wide association studies identified three independent polymorphisms associated with alpha-tocopherol content in maize kernels. PLoS ONE 7:e36807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Peng Z, Yang X, Wang W, Fu J, Wang J, Han Y, Chai Y, Guo T, Yang N, Liu J, Warburton ML, Cheng Y, Hao X, Zhang P, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang G, Li J, Yan J (2013) Genome-wide association study dissects the genetic architecture of oil biosynthesis in maize kernels. Nat Genet 45:43–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Li Y, Sun B, Peng B, Liu C, Liu Z, Yang Z, Li Q, Tan W, Zhang Y (2013) Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield components and kernel-related traits in multiple connected RIL populations in maize. Euphytica 193:303–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Lili Tu, Pettolino FA, Ji S, Hao J, Yuan D, Deng F, Tan J, Haiyan Hu, Wang Q, Llewellyn DJ, Zhang X (2016) GbEXPATR, a species-specific expansin, enhances cotton fibre elongation through cell wall restructuring. Plant Biotechnol J 14:951–963

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lid SE, Gruis D, Jung R, Lorentzen JA, Ananiev E, Chamberlin M, Niu X, Meeley R, Nichols S, Olsen OA (2002) The defective kernel 1 (dek1) gene required for aleurone cell development in the endosperm of maize grains encodes a membrane protein of the calpain gene superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5460–5465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Wang L, Sun C, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Qiu F (2014) Genetic analysis and major QTL detection for maize kernel size and weight in multi-environments. Theor Appl Genet 127:1019–1037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Deng M, Guo H, Raihan S, Luo J, Xu Y, Dong X, Yan J (2015) Maize orthologs of rice GS5 and their trans-regulator are associated with kernel development. J Integr Plant Biol 57:943–953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D, Zhang J, Liu X et al (2016) Fine mapping and RNA-Seq unravels candidate genes for a major QTL controlling multiple fiber quality traits at the T1 region in upland cotton. BMC Genomics 17:295. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2605-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Huang J, Guo H, Lan L, Wang H, Li Q, Yan J et al (2017) The conserved and unique genetic architecture of kernel size and weight in maize and rice. Plant Physiol 175(2):774–785

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Ren D, Jiang L et al (2020) A natural variation in pleiotropic developmental defects uncovers a crucial role for chloroplast tRNA modification in translation and plant development. Plant Cell. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00660

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 8:4321–4325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Panaud O, Chen X, McCouch SR (1996) Development of microsatellite markers and characterization of simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Gen Genet 252:597–607

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raihan MS, Liu J, Huang J, Guo H, Pan Q, Yan J (2016) Multi-environment QTL analysis of grain morphology traits and fine mapping of a kernel-width QTL in Zheng58 x SK maize population. Theor Appl Genet 129:1465–1477

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scanlon MJ, Myers AM (1998) Phenotypic analysis and molecular cloning of discolored-1 (dsc1), amaize gene required for early kernel development. Plant Mol Biol 37:483–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen B, Li C, Min Z, Meeley RB, Mc T, Olsen OA (2003) Sal1 determines the number of aleurone cell layers in maize endosperm and encodes a class E vacuolar sorting protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:6552–6557

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shirley BW, Hanley S, Goodman HM (1992) Effects of ionizing radiation on a plant genome: analysis of two Arabidopsis transparent testa mutations. Plant Cell 4:333–347

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Si L, Chen J, Huang X, Gong H, Luo J, Hou Q, Zhou T, Lu T, Zhu J, Shangguan Y, Chen E, Gong C, Zhao Q, Jing Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Cui L, Fan D, Lu Y, Weng Q (2016) OsSPL13 controls grain size in cultivated rice. Nat Genet 48:447–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Song XJ, Huang W, Shi M, Zhu MZ, Lin HX (2007) A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Genet 39:623–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun L, Li X, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Tan L, Liu F, Sun X, Sun X, Sun C (2013) GS6, a member of the GRAS gene family, negatively regulates grain size in rice. J Integr Plant Biol 55:938–949

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR, Pimentel H, Salzberg SL, Rinn JL, Pachter L (2012) Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc 7:562–578

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Gao Y, Wang J, Yang L, Song R, Li X, Shi J (2011) Overexpression of two cambium-abundant Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) α-expansin genes ClEXPA1 and ClEXPA2 affect growth and development in transgenic tobacco and increase the amount of cellulose in stem cell walls. Plant Biotechnol J 9:486–502

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JK, Li HH, Zhang LY, Meng L (2012) QTL IciMapping version 3.2. The Quantitative Genetics Group Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Wu K, Yuan Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Lin X, Zeng R, Zhu H, Dong G, Qian Q, Zhang G, Fu X (2012) Control of grain size, shape and quality by OsSPL16 in rice. Nat Genet 44:950–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Li S, Liu Q, Wu K, Zhang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gao C, Wang F, Huang H, Fu X (2015) The OsSPL16-GW7 regulatory module determines grain shape and simultaneously improves rice yield and grain quality. Nat Genet 47:949–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Xiong G, Hu J, Jiang L, Yu H, Xu J, Fang Y, Zeng L, Xu E, Xu J, Ye W, Meng X, Liu R, Chen H, Jing Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Li J, Qian Q (2015) Copy number variation at the GL7 locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice. Nat Genet 47:944–948

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weng J, Gu S, Wan X, Gao H, Guo T, Su N, Lei C, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Guo X, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhai H, Wan J (2008) Isolation and initial characterization of GW5, a major QTL associated with rice grain width and weight. Cell Res 18:1199–1209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wen J, Jiang F, Weng Y et al (2019) Identification of heat-tolerance QTLs and high-temperature stress-responsive genes through conventional QTL mapping, QTL-seq and RNA-seq in tomato. BMC Plant Biol 19(1):398. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-2008-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xie D-Y, Jackson LA, Cooper JD, Ferreira D, Paiva NL (2004) Molecular and biochemical analysis of two cDNA clones encoding dihydroflavonol-4-reductase from Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 134:979–994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang W, Guo Z, Huang C, Duan L, Chen G, Jiang N, Fang W, Feng H, Xie W, Lian X, Wang G (2014) Combining high-throughput phenotyping and genome-wide association studies to reveal natural genetic variation in rice. Nat Commun 5:5087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang N, Liu J, Gao Q, Songtao Gui L, Chen LY, Huang J, Deng T, Luo J, He L, Wang Y, Pengwei X, Peng Y, Shi Z, Lan L, Ma Z, Yang X, Zhang Q, Bai M, Li S, Li W, Liu L, Jackson D, Yan J (2019) Genome assembly of a tropical maize inbred line provides insights into structural variation and crop improvement. Nat Genet 51(6):1052–1059

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yi F, Wei Gu, Chen J, Song N, Gao X, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ma X, Song W, Zhao H, Esteban E, Pasha A, Provart NJ, Lai J (2019) High temporal-resolution transcriptome landscape of early maize seed development. Plant Cell 31(5):974–992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Kang B, He XW, Lv SL, Bai YH, Ding WN, Chen M, Cho H-T, Wu P (2011) Root hair-specific expansins modulate root hair elongation in rice. Plant Biotechnol J 66:725–734

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Liu Z, Hu Y, Li W, Fu Z, Ding D, Li H, Qiao M, Tang J (2014) QTL analysis of kernel-related traits in maize using an immortalized F2 population. PLoS ONE 9:e89645

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Sun H, Guo S et al (2020) Decreased protein abundance of lycopene β-Cyclase contributes to red flesh in domesticated watermelon. Plant Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.01409

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K, Su J, Xu M et al (2020) A common wild rice-derived BOC1 allele reduces callus browning in indica rice transformation. Nat Commun 11(1):443. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14265-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao S, Zhao L, Liu F, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Sun C, Tan L (2016) Narrow and rolled leaf 2 regulates leaf shape, male fertility, and seed size in rice. J Integr Plant Biol 58:983–996

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhengbin L, Arturo G, Michael DM, Sherry A (2016) Genetic analysis of kernel traits in maize-teosinte introgression populations. G3 6(8):2523–2530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101803 and 2018YFD0100100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771796). All authors have read and agreed with the content of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Dianming Gong, Zengdong Tan, Hailiang Zhao, Zhenyuan Pan, Qin Sun & Fazhan Qiu

Authors
  1. Dianming Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zengdong Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hailiang Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhenyuan Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Fazhan Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

FQ and DG designed the research; DG and ZT performed the experiments and analyzed the data; HZ analyzed the data; ZP and QS conducted the field trials; DG and FQ wrote the manuscript and all authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fazhan Qiu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by Laurence Moreau.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gong, D., Tan, Z., Zhao, H. et al. Fine mapping of a kernel length-related gene with potential value for maize breeding. Theor Appl Genet 134, 1033–1045 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03749-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03749-z

Search

Navigation