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Resistance to Rhynchosporium commune in a collection of European spring barley germplasm

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Association analyses of resistance to Rhynchosporium commune in a collection of European spring barley germplasm detected 17 significant resistance quantitative trait loci. The most significant association was confirmed as Rrs1.

Abstract

Rhynchosporium commune is a fungal pathogen of barley which causes a highly destructive and economically important disease known as rhynchosporium. Genome-wide association mapping was used to investigate the genetic control of host resistance to R. commune in a collection of predominantly European spring barley accessions. Multi-year disease nursery field trials revealed 8 significant resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), whilst a separate association mapping analysis using historical data from UK national and recommended list trials identified 9 significant associations. The most significant association identified in both current and historical data sources, collocated with the known position of the major resistance gene Rrs1. Seedling assays with R. commune single-spore isolates expressing the corresponding avirulence protein NIP1 confirmed that this locus is Rrs1. These results highlight the significant and continuing contribution of Rrs1 to host resistance in current elite spring barley germplasm. Varietal height was shown to be negatively correlated with disease severity, and a resistance QTL was identified that co-localised with the semi-dwarfing gene sdw1, previously shown to contribute to disease escape. The remaining QTL represent novel resistances that are present within European spring barley accessions. Associated markers to Rrs1 and other resistance loci, identified in this study, represent a set of tools that can be exploited by breeders for the sustainable deployment of varietal resistance in new cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the IMPROMALT consortium for making the germplasm collection as well as the genotypic and historical phenotypic data available for this study and the BSPB and the AHDB Cereals and Oilseeds division for the provision of the National and Recommended List data. We also thank Richard Keith, Chris Warden, Dave Guy and Alfred Barth for all their technical help in this work. This work was funded by the Scottish Government Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) and the Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry and the BMBF under Grant-no 031B0199D. MEL and WTBT were also funded by the BBSRC IMPROMALT project BB/J019593/1. LLG was funded by the BBSRC training Grant (BB/K501906/1). AA was also funded by the BBSRC-CIRC project BB/J019569/1.

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Communicated by Xiaoquan Qi.

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Figure S1

A Principal Component Analysis plot of the genotypic data from the 601 genotyped lines used in this study, showing scores for the first two principal components. Figures in brackets following the axis labels indicate the percentage of the total genotypic variation accounted for by the corresponding principal component (TIFF 50953 kb)

Figure S2

Representative images showing infection types in both of the controlled environment tests used in this study. The upper two panels show resistant a and susceptible b interactions as determined by detached leaf assay and confocal microscopy at 2 days post-inoculation (dpi) with a GFP expressing Rhynchosporium commune isolate (T‐R214‐GFP). Green colour represents GFP fluorescence and shows fungal spores and hyphae, with blue colour showing chlorophyll auto-fluorescence. Resistant interactions typically show germinated spores, less extensive hyphal networks, with random growth directions, whilst resistant lines show much more extensive growth following the anticlinal wall of the epidermal cells. The lower panel c shows representative leaves illustrating the 0–4 scale used to quantify symptom expression 16 dpi of 3-week-old barley seedlings with a 2 × 105 spores/ml suspension of R. commune. 0 represents an absence of visible disease symptoms (not shown), and 4 represents total collapse and drying-out of the entire leaf. Leaves with score of 2 and higher were considered susceptible (TIFF 51460 kb)

Table S1

Details of the field trials conducted for the GWAS analyses. For each trial, the dimensions of the plot and sowing rates are indicated along with the date that the trial was sown. The dates are shown for each of the phenotypic assessments (XLSX 9 kb)

Table S2

Details of the lines used in the GWAS experiments. The name is indicated along with the AFP code and year that the line was first entered for National List trialling (NL1) where known. AUDPC scores are indicated for each of the disease nursery trials as well as the Recommended List/National List (RL/NL) mean (XLSX 59 kb)

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Looseley, M.E., Griffe, L.L., Büttner, B. et al. Resistance to Rhynchosporium commune in a collection of European spring barley germplasm. Theor Appl Genet 131, 2513–2528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3168-5

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