Abstract
Key message
Rapid evolution of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW170 orthologous genomic regions in wheat subgenomes.
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important staple grain crops in the world and also an excellent model for plant ploidy evolution research with different ploidy levels from diploid to hexaploid. Powdery mildew disease caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici can result in significant loss in both grain yield and quality in wheat. In this study, the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW170 locus located at the Triticum dicoccoides chromosome 2B short arm was further characterized by constructing and sequencing a BAC-based physical map contig covering a 0.3 cM genetic distance region (880 kb) and developing additional markers to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.16 cM genetic interval (372 kb). Comparative analyses of the T. dicoccoides 2BS region with the orthologous Aegilops tauschii 2DS region showed great gene colinearity, including the structure organization of both types of RGA1/2-like and RPS2-like resistance genes. Comparative analyses with the orthologous regions from Brachypodium and rice genomes revealed considerable dynamic evolutionary changes that have re-shaped this MlIW170 region in the wheat genome, resulting in a high number of non-syntenic genes including resistance-related genes. This result might reflect the rapid evolution in R-gene regions. Phylogenetic analysis on these resistance-related gene sequences indicated the duplication of these genes in the MlIW170 region, occurred before the separation of the wheat B and D genomes.
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Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011AA100104, 2013CB127705), Ministry of Agriculture of China (2011ZX08009-003-001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31030056), the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111-02-3), and Monsanto’s Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program.
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The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.
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Communicated by B. Keller.
Y. Liang and D.-Y. Zhang are contributed equally to this work.
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122_2015_2536_MOESM1_ESM.pptx
Supplementary material 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Polymorphism of SNP marker WGGC9140. a SNP between resistance lines (R) and susceptible lines (S). b Hybrid peaks in heterozygote lines (PPTX 279 kb)
122_2015_2536_MOESM2_ESM.pptx
Supplementary material 2 Supplementary Figure 2 Recombination between the resistance gene-like sequences of 2BS and 2DS genomic regions detected by RDP. The sequence names in black on the left refer to the rectangles beneath them. The sequence names are in color and the rectangles beside are graphical representation of a sequence fragment that has potentially been derived through recombination. These rectangles represent recombination events (PPTX 90 kb)
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Liang, Y., Zhang, DY., Ouyang, S. et al. Dynamic evolution of resistance gene analogs in the orthologous genomic regions of powdery mildew resistance gene MlIW170 in Triticum dicoccoides and Aegilops tauschii . Theor Appl Genet 128, 1617–1629 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2536-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2536-7